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是寒风渐起,还是累累硕果?市场仍存在不少争议—— 债市入秋待破局

2017-09-21 07:17:46   中国经济网

这些看似都是好消息,但拿今年前8个月的数据和去年同期相比,情况并不如看上去的那么乐观。数据显示,前8个月,各主要信用债发行规模与去年同期相比全部减少,其中公司债缩减规模最大,超过13000亿元,其次是超短期融资券发行规模减少6280亿元,其他券种发行规模缩减幅度均在2000亿元以内。

东方金诚评级副总监俞春江认为,一级市场仍然“压力山大”。从取消发行情况来看,8月份共有88只债券取消发行,规模为653.6亿元,超过5月取消发行潮时的规模。由于8月以来流动性相对偏紧,市场资金利率走高,传导至债券发行端,导致发行成本有所回升,取消发行的现象重现。

由于9月是跨季月,受到缴税、债务置换等因素影响,市场此前普遍预计资金面情况并不乐观,因此观望情绪浓厚。此外,近期央行维持稳健中性的货币政策,“削峰填谷”以维持市场资金面紧平衡,但金融机构对于流动性状况的态度依然趋于谨慎。俞春江预计,市场利率偏高可能进一步增大债券供给压力,债券发行回暖尚需时日。

市场情绪得到修复

与上半年市场交投的冷清相比,下半年以来,二级市场总算活跃了一些。

中诚信数据显示,七八两月,单周现券交易总额基本维持在20000亿元以上,日均现券交易额达到4000亿元。相比之下,上半年单周现券交易总额超过20000亿元的仅有7周(上半年共26周),交投相对冷淡。

市场情绪正在得到修复,这主要受到监管节奏放缓的影响。今年4月,监管层接连发文剑指金融机构同业、委外等业务之后,近期并未有针对具体业务的监管措施出台,这使得市场情绪明显缓和。

从需求端来看,积极因素正在累积。商业银行尤其是五大行是债市最重要的配置力量,其行为对债市有着举足轻重的影响。

受监管政策影响,大行同业负债规模持续下降。从二季度数据看,五大行同业负债年总计9.4万亿元,同比下降4.4%,占总负债比重为10.61%,较2016年四季度水平下降1.5个百分点。市场预计,这部分负债需求可能转而通过发债等渠道来满足。

事实上,大行的债券融资规模也在显著上升。2016年以来,五大行应付债券规模一直处于扩张状态,占总负债比重也持续上升。今年上半年,五大行应付债券均较上年末显著上升,合计增加2949亿元。

招商证券首席固定收益分析师徐寒飞认为,从中报来看,五大行基本面明显回暖,盈利能力、资产质量均稳步改善,负债成本也有所下降。上半年,大行的债券配置被旺盛的信贷需求压制,但信贷和投资利差仍在进一步收敛,这增加了债券对大行的吸引力。

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