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警惕信用卡“死卡”风险

2017-09-21 07:17:45   中国经济网

中国人民银行9月7日发布的《2017年第二季度支付体系运行总体情况》显示,截至第二季度末,全国银行借记卡在用发卡数量58.28亿张,同比增长8.82%;信用卡和借贷合一卡在用发卡数量共计5.20亿张,同比增长9.82%。全国人均持有银行卡4.59张,其中人均持有信用卡0.34张。

从人均信用卡数量来看,我国信用卡领域仍是蓝海,特别是随着移动支付的快速发展,人们刷卡支付的几率虽然在降低,但是信用卡支付在所有支付方式中的比重却在逐年上升。

值得注意的是,招商银行和浦发银行半年报显示,招商银行信用卡发卡发卡总量为8812万张,流通5192万张;浦发银行信用卡总量为3462.74万张,流通卡为2243.73万张,计算下来招行约有死卡3620万张,死卡率达到41%;浦发银行死卡数约为1219.01万张,死卡率达到35%。

银行信用卡业务的收入主要由年费、分期手续费、商户回佣、逾期利息等构成,不过这些收入的基础都是活跃卡。也就是说,一家银行的活跃信用卡数量越高,信用卡对应收益才会高。因此,银行会通过各种营销手段来刺激用户使用信用卡,这是出现各种层出不穷的积分兑换、刷卡返现活动的主要原因。

对银行而言,发卡量虽然只是个基数,但基数大了,信用卡活跃度每提升一个百分点,所带来的收益可能会呈几何级数增长。所以,各家银行在办卡促销时总是会对新用户特别“慷慨”,又是送礼,又是返现,意在尽可能地圈得粉丝。许多人或是对办卡时送的小礼物一见倾心,或是被银行推荐的信用卡权益吸引,不知不觉之间就申请了好几张信用卡。等办下来的信用卡到了自己手里,又不一定马上使用,就产生了“死卡”。还有的持卡人信用卡到期后,虽然收到新卡,但因为银行促销活动不给力,缺少了用卡动力,没有重新激活卡片,也产生了一定量的死卡。

对持卡人而言,卡片多一张少一张似乎没有多大关系,但事实上信用卡数量过多,无论对持卡人还是对银行都存在不少风险。

首先,信用卡一旦通过审核,不论激活与否,都会出现在个人征信报告上。个人的持卡总数、授信总额度都会相应变化。一旦持卡数量及授信额度过高,将会影响银行的资信审核,当再次申办信用卡时,很容易在额度上受到影响。另外,如果持有多张未激活的信用卡,再次申请信用卡时,银行可能会认为你并非真正需要信用卡,被拒绝概率也大大提高。

其次,虽然按照中国银监会的规定,信用卡不激活银行不得收取年费。但是如果持卡人在申请时不仔细辨认条款中的规定,授权银行在账户中自动扣除费用,还是有可能产生年费。同时,定制信用卡、特殊材质卡片因为制作工艺复杂,制卡后无论持卡人是否激活卡片,都会收取费用。费用产生后,持卡人如果把卡片束之高阁,有可能产生额外利息,也会给个人信用记录留下污点。这样不仅“薅”不到银行羊毛,还被银行“反薅”的情况,对持卡人来说实在是得不偿失。

再次,对银行而言,信用卡的授信总额度是有限制的。如果已经授信的额度没能得到充分使用,势必会影响银行资金的使用效率。为此,有的银行甚至会将一定时间内不使用的信用卡的额度降低。由此可见,大量“死卡”对银行而言,也是一个非常头疼且急待解决的问题。

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