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股市债市锚定“安全资产”

2017-09-20 09:17:26   中国经济网

中国社会科学院经济研究所、中国社会科学院上市公司研究中心和社会科学文献出版社19日共同发布的《中国上市公司蓝皮书:中国上市公司发展报告(2017)》指出,2016到2017年,中国经济呈现出弱复苏迹象,加之中国实施严监管,美国加息周期与缩表表明全球信用收缩,将会导致大量资金逐步再次配置向“安全资产”:债券市场上配置利率债、股票市场上配置蓝筹股,防范风险兼顾成长成为安全资产的首选。

上市公司业绩改善

蓝皮书指出,2016年以来中国经济在供给侧结构性改革和宏观政策刺激牵引下,中国经济呈现出弱复苏的迹象。同时,持续推出一系列严监管措施,降低金融领域杠杆率,确定金融创新边界和防止资金脱实向虚,为资本市场健康发展和其服务经济发展与转型奠定基础。

蓝皮书分析,从复苏特征看,大型公司成为了复苏的龙头,特别是供给侧改革推动市场集中度进一步提升,为大型公司复苏打下了坚实的基础,而且这一集中倾向会更强;此外,依靠“并购定增”讲故事的“伪增长”公司,在新监管条例后暴露出其风险特征。值得注意的是,从上市公司“杜邦分解”看,ROE依然低于融资成本,企业的复苏仍很脆弱。

蓝皮书指出,宏观经济改善带来了上市公司业绩回升。主要表现:上游产业利润大幅度提升,如钢铁、化工、有色金属等行业;消费升级和服务业需求依然强劲,“喝酒吃药”行情及海外上市的大量互联网游戏、直播和教育培训、医疗服务业则更显出中国消费升级的方向;持续的城市化推动了汽车和耐用消费品的更新换代;具有生产和生活要素配置功能的服务行业发展很快,突出的就是五大物流公司的上市,传统的金融服务业保持增长;城市化和跨区域发展推动的地产和政府布局的基础设施建设相关公司利润增长非常快,包括地产、通过一带一路、PPP(包含环保、智慧城市等)参与基建的大型公司。

“安全资产”价值重现

蓝皮书指出,信用收缩既有来自国内“严监管”带来的“顺周期”调节效应,也有美国加息周期的被动影响,但信用收缩已经不可避免,这意味着风险偏好将上升,主要影响包括:弱复苏后的涨价效应带来的盈利逐步消失;公司高杠杆风险加大,主要分布在规模较小的企业和重化工等资本密集型企业;政府融资支撑的基建投资挑战较大。

蓝皮书特别提到,全球和中国都在信用周期下行过程中都偏好“安全资产”,即“大船”。

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