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是寒风渐起,还是累累硕果?市场仍存在不少争议—— 债市入秋待破局

2017-09-21 07:17:46   中国经济网

▲ 受流动性紧张和监管加强的影响,上半年债市波动较大,融资成本的大幅上升抑制了发债人发债意愿,一级市场表现冷清。自4月份之后,监管节奏放缓,给予了市场一定时间来消化前期的政策效应,下半年债券发行明显回暖,二级市场情绪也逐步改善

▲ 债市阶段性交易机会能够持续多久,最终利率下行幅度有多大,取决于资金面不那么紧张的阶段能持续多久。债市短期行情能否演变为中期甚至长期行情,则有赖于资金面何时会出现实质性放松

近期,央行重启28天逆回购、超额续作中期借贷便利(MLF),向市场传递了呵护资金面的政策信号,有效缓解了市场的谨慎情绪,债券市场也迎来久违的大涨。

相比之下,债券一级市场发行和二级市场回暖更早。自下半年以来,债券一级市场一改上半年冷清态势,发行明显回暖,二级市场交投也日渐活跃。

时至金秋,在央行“削峰填谷”维持市场资金面紧平衡和人民币汇率持续走升的大背景下,债券市场是秋寒渐起还是将迎来累累硕果,是仅有波段性交易机会还是趋势性回暖?市场仍存在不少争议。

一级市场回暖明显

数据显示,7月份主要信用债品种发行总规模为6444.7亿元,较6月增加49%;8月份主要信用债品种发行总规模为6897.6亿元,较7月增加7%。而上半年发行量最大的3月份,发行总规模仅为5515亿元,明显低于七八月份。

债券发行大幅回暖,一方面是因为七八月发债成本有所降低,市场发债意愿增强。中诚信高级分析师李诗认为,受流动性紧张和监管加压影响,上半年债市波动较大,融资成本的大幅上升抑制了发债人发债意愿,使得一级市场表现冷清。而自4月份之后,监管节奏放缓,给予了市场一定时间来消化前期的政策效应,市场情绪逐步得到改善。

“下半年债券发行明显回暖,一定程度上来说也是前期积累的融资需求的释放。”李诗表示,另一方面,上半年部分发债企业通过信贷融资来弥补资金缺口,而随着连续7个月的新增贷款投放的增加,银行机构已耗尽大部分年度信贷额度,银行信贷空间的收缩也促使企业又转向债券融资。

部分业内分析人士认为,在金融去杠杆的大环境下,上半年表外融资呈现大幅回落趋势,银行非标业务规模也有所收缩。而下半年债券到期规模仍然较大,考虑到信贷和其他融资渠道受限,企业在“滚债”压力的推动下,或将继续通过债券来融资,债市发行回暖趋势有望延续。

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