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人民日报谈南海仲裁:不合法的裁决不过废纸一张

2016-07-11 07:21:19   人民日报

美国有识之士对于华盛顿在南海问题上制造对抗之举深表忧虑。知名战略学家布热津斯基就曾发出警告,美国在南海必须非常小心,南海问题不应成为美中关系的中心问题。然而,在霸权本性驱使下,美国在南海问题上制造紧张局势、破坏和平稳定的冒险之举依然愈演愈烈。

(三)

事实清楚地表明,菲律宾南海仲裁案完全是一个由美国鼓动操纵、菲律宾挑头、仲裁庭客观上予以配合的针对中国的一个“局”。

这个“局”其实不难看穿,自仲裁闹剧开始后,国际社会“不平则鸣”的正义之声从未停歇。迄今,已有近70个国家和地区组织明确表示支持中方在仲裁案上的立场,其中既有东盟国家,也有域外国家,还有阿拉伯国家联盟、上海合作组织等区域组织。即使在西方国家,也有很多国际法专家从专业角度发表严肃、公正的评论,表达对中方法理主张的认同,表明对该案的批评和质疑立场。

为什么中国立场的支持者那么多,越来越多?归根结底,是因为中方不参与、不接受立场有着充分的法理依据,而菲律宾单方面提起南海仲裁案,仲裁庭违法扩权、滥权,才是在真正破坏国际法。

首先,禁止反言是国际法治的一条基本原则,但菲律宾阿基诺三世政府却置自身昔日承诺于不顾,单方面强行提起仲裁,侵犯了中国按照《联合国海洋法公约》规定享有的自主选择争端解决方式的权利。正如联合国国际法委员会前主席、联合国国际法院特别法官布朗利所言:“一般国际法上不存在解决争端的义务,以正式法律程序寻求解决的程序取决于当事各方的同意。”争端提交国际仲裁,通常都需经当事国达成合意,尊重当事方意愿才是体现“各国主权平等的一种必然结果”。如今,仲裁庭擅自扩大管辖权限、漠视一国之主权,哪里还有“法的精神”?

其次,菲方不顾基本历史常识,妄称中国人历史上在南海没什么活动和存在,从未拥有对南海诸岛的主权。然而,中国渔民在南沙水域捕鱼作业,已成为南沙群岛主人的历史事实,有多个版本的《更路簿》可以证明;19世纪以来的外国文献,也明确记载了只有中国渔民在岛上生产生活的历史事实。法律的基点本就是“以事实为依据”,如今,昭昭青史仍在,凿凿证据如山,菲方却敢如此颠倒黑白篡改事实,对南海岛礁的有关论述缺失最起码的可信度。这样一个“并不构成争端”的无理诉求,竟然被仲裁庭接受,哪里还有“法的权威”?

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