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人民日报:餐饮油烟已成城市大气的重要污染源

2016-12-25 19:57:55   财经网

重霾肆虐的这些日子,几十座城市提前发布空气重污染预警,采取了停限产、限车等措施,污染物峰值得以下降,污染持续时间有效缩短。可以说,预警措施切实起到了作用,重污染天气里偶尔露面的蓝天,也让百姓感受到预警带来的变化。另一方面,对单双号限行等与生活密切相关的应急措施,公众表现出更多的支持和包容,值得点赞。

其间,河北省文安县要求城区沿街饭店、早点摊停业的消息却引起了不少争论。很多评论认为,应急再重要,总不能让百姓连吃个早点都费劲;也有人说,管大灶这点污染,实在是捡了芝麻丢了西瓜,这么做给百姓生活造成诸多不便,实在没必要。

笔者却不这么看。去年11月,湖南长沙一位居民对家中油烟排放做过检测,一盘呛炒辣椒就能让PM2.5“爆表”。相关研究表明,餐饮油烟在北京市大气PM2.5中的比例约为13%,在京津冀地区所占比例约为6%;在广州,餐饮企业的排放比重能达到14%。而且餐饮油烟中,可检测出的挥发性有机物有300多种。这说明,餐饮油烟已经成为城市大气的重要污染源,确实不是人们想象中增加污染的“芝麻绿豆”了。

去年修订的《大气污染防治法》第八十一条明确规定,排放油烟的餐饮服务业经营者应当安装油烟净化设施并保持正常使用,或者采取其他油烟净化措施,使油烟达标排放,并防止对附近居民的正常生活环境造成污染。

仔细查看河北文安的通知内容,明确要求“饭店、早点铺中没有安装油烟处理设施的、油烟处理设施无使用、油烟排放不达标的全部停业整顿”,即使在平时,这也完全是合法合理的要求,更不用说在造成重污染的极端天气条件下。因此,争论大可不必。此举可能会对百姓生活有些影响,但在严峻的大气污染防治形势面前,需要充分权衡利弊得失,两害相权取其轻。

治霾,不仅政府要“割肉出血”,舍弃高排放、高污染的产业,公众也需要把自己摆进去,做出积极贡献,让生活方式更绿色环保。要打赢这场治污攻坚战,忍受一下生活上的一些不便,是我们无可回避、必须付出的代价。治霾,每一个人都是受益者,也理应成为参与者、行动派。

同时也必须说明,被要求停业的早点摊,很多是因为平时该上治理设施的没上、该达标的没有达标,才有应急时的“紧急刹车”,导致百姓生活出现不便。这也从一个侧面反映了环保日常监管的不足。治霾目前已进入相持阶段,削减1微克细颗粒物、增加1个蓝天,都需要付出更大的努力和代价,这不仅包括经济上的更多投入,也要求管理上更加精细。在现有监管力量有限的情况下,虽然要集中力量抓住重点污染源,但无论是哪个行业、何等规模的企业和经营者,只要没有稳定达标,就不该逃过日常监管的法眼。

由此看来,以应急为镜,把非常时期照出的监管短板在平时补齐,才能把应急对居民生活的影响降至最低,让公众不仅感受到环境质量在改善,也对应急措施更为理解。

责任编辑:马少騄 CN061
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