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人民日报谈南海仲裁:不合法的裁决不过废纸一张

2016-07-11 07:21:19   人民日报

再有,仲裁庭不顾中方一贯坚持将南沙群岛视为整体的立场,玩弄“切割”伎俩,歧视性地把中国驻守的南沙有关岛礁从南海诸岛的宏观地理背景中剥离出来。对菲律宾等其他国家非法侵占的岛礁,仲裁庭却只字不提,还将有关领土主权问题包装为所谓的岛礁法律地位问题。如此偷梁换柱、翻云覆雨,哪里还有“法的公信”?

南海仲裁案是否具有合法性和正当性?联合国国际法委员会前主席拉奥·佩马拉朱的判断一针见血:中菲南海争端的实质是关于主权和海域划界,而领土主权问题不属于《联合国海洋法公约》调整的范围,划界问题也可据中国政府声明而排除强制仲裁程序,此案仲裁庭对主权和海域划界问题都没有管辖权。菲律宾诉求的实质是领土问题,因此不属于《联合国海洋法公约》调整的范围。

然而,仲裁庭擅自扩大解释其自身管辖权限。对于领土和海洋划界问题,仲裁庭罔顾中菲早已选择谈判协商作为解决相关争议唯一方式这一前提,罔顾中国早已于2006年根据《联合国海洋法公约》将海洋划界争议排除适用强制争端解决程序这一事实,恶意解读此前中菲对争端解决方式的共同选择,轻易否定国与国之间达成的一致意见,严重侵犯中国作为主权国家和《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国享有的自主权利。其实质,不过是为个别国家滥用仲裁程序制造国际舆论实现政治目的提供配合。

培根在《论司法》中写道,“一次不公的判决比多次不平的举动为祸犹烈。因为这些不平的举动不过弄脏了水流,而不公的判决则把水源败坏了”。菲律宾及仲裁庭滥用强制仲裁程序,让《联合国海洋法公约》失去严肃性,其对《联合国海洋法公约》的破坏性、对国际法治秩序的冲击,不容低估。

事实上,很多西方专业法律人士都对强制仲裁程序被滥用表示担忧和关切。如果今后别国都效仿菲律宾的恶劣先例,只要将领土和海洋划界问题包装成《联合国海洋法公约》解释和适用问题即可提交仲裁,不仅会让30多个缔约国所作排除性声明成为一纸空文,也将伤害《联合国海洋法公约》争端解决机制的信誉,破坏《联合国海洋法公约》建立的国际海洋秩序,对现行国际秩序构成重大威胁。

正如英国牛津大学国际公法副教授安东尼奥斯·察纳科普洛斯、英国外交部前法律顾问克里斯·沃默斯利指出,如果仲裁庭允许菲律宾背弃其在《南海各方行为宣言》中的承诺继续推进强制仲裁,这种处理方式或造成“恶法”,会对国际关系的整体稳定造成潜在破坏。

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