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人民日报谈南海仲裁:不合法的裁决不过废纸一张

2016-07-11 07:21:19   人民日报

对于南海诸岛属于中国这一点,菲律宾同样心知肚明。菲律宾固有领土范围是由1898年《美西巴黎和平协议》、1900年《美西关于菲律宾外围岛屿割让的条约》、1930年《关于划定英属北婆罗洲与美属菲律宾之间的边界条约》明确规定的。南沙群岛和黄岩岛根本不在上述条约规定的菲律宾版图内。

但自上世纪60年代末南海地区发现丰富的油气资源后,这片原本安宁的水域频起波澜。在巨大资源利益的诱惑下,菲律宾等国开始非法侵占和蚕食属于中国的南沙岛礁,成为南海问题产生的根源。更有甚者,菲律宾等国还以南沙群岛位于自其本国海岸起200海里范围内为由,企图以海洋管辖权主张来否定中国对南沙群岛的主权。

显而易见,在南海问题上,中国绝不是加害者,而是受害者。如果真的遵从法律,应该谴责的是菲律宾等国公然违背国际法和《联合国宪章》的行径,应该禁止的是一切非法侵犯他国领土主权的行为。

作为南海最大沿岸国,中国从维护南海地区和平与稳定的大局出发,在南海问题产生后的几十年里始终保持了极大克制,从未主动挑起争议,也没有采取任何使争议复杂化、扩大化的行动。中国最先提出并始终坚持“搁置争议,共同开发”,坚持通过谈判协商和平解决争议;按照2002年《南海各方行为宣言》所确定的原则,在平等和相互尊重的基础上,探讨与南海声索国之间建立信任的途径;根据1982年《联合国海洋法公约》在内的国际法原则,切实保障在南海的航行及飞越自由。

在过去的几十年里,南海局势总体保持稳定,有关争议得到妥善管控,东南亚地区实现高速发展,这一地区成为世界上和平、稳定和繁荣之地。这自然得益于中国与东盟相关国家的共同努力,但不可否认的是,作为综合国力较强的一方,中国的克制是南海得以保持和平稳定、繁荣发展的最重要原因。中国政府有权利也有能力收复失地,但是中国并没有这样做,目的就是为了南海的和平稳定,以及沿岸各国人民的共同福祉。

遗憾的是,树欲静而风不止。2012年4月10日,菲律宾蓄意挑起“黄岩岛事件”。2013年1月,菲律宾阿基诺三世政府置昔日谈判协商解决南海争议的承诺于不顾,单方面提起有关南海争议的仲裁案。

纵观南海问题演进脉络,2009年以前,虽然相关国家间存在摩擦,但矛盾却总体保持可控。可是从2009年起,南海问题开始步步升级。

为何2009年成为中菲南海争议重要分界线?为何菲律宾阿基诺三世政府会在南海问题上选择一系列政治赌博?

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