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潘光伟:多措并举 银行业支持普惠金融成效显著

2017-09-22 10:27:16   中国经济网

在各方共同努力和推动下,我国普惠金融发展总体上取得较好成效,小微企业融资难、融资贵问题整体上得到一定程度的缓解。通过监管政策引领,采取“双基联动”、网格覆盖等方式,将加强基层村委会建设与基层金融服务联系起来,解决信息不对称问题;通过开设便民服务点和流动服务车,创新“马背银行”“拎包银行”与“夜市银行”等做法,打通和做好了边远地区金融服务“最后一公里”和“最后一步路”问题,让老少边穷地区及弱势群体均等享受优质银行服务。这些案例,不仅仅代表了我国普惠金融发展水平和创新模式,更为国际普惠金融发展提供了中国范式和案例。

从普惠金融相关统计数据看,截至2017年6月末,全国银行业金融机构涉农贷款余额30万亿元,占各项贷款余额的25.2%,同比增长9.9%,其中农户贷款余额7.7万亿元,同比增长15.2%。银行业扶贫小额信贷余额2038.4亿元,支持建档立卡贫困户486.1万户,农村基础金融服务已覆盖54.43万个行政村,覆盖率达到97.3%,银行业网点覆盖率达到96%,基本实现了“乡乡有机构、村村有服务”的目标。小微企业贷款余额达到28.6万亿元,同比增长14.7%,约占全部贷款比重的25%,贷款户数1417.2万户,申贷获得率达94.7%,实现“三个不低于”目标,有的学者研究指出,世界上少有国家和地区,小微企业贷款余额占全部贷款比重超过20%。从数据对比可以看出,中国银行业在解决融资难、融资贵这个世界性难题方面独树一帜,做出了自己的努力和贡献!

当然,银行业推进普惠金融也存在一些困难和障碍。一是银行业发展普惠金融的商业可持续性面临挑战,小微企业、“三农”、贫困人口等普惠金融重点服务对象面临缺信息、缺信用、缺担保等融资障碍,银行业为其提供服务成本高、风险大,内在动力不足,普惠金融相关政策支持力度还不够。二是金融基础设施和生态环境有待完善。信用信息碎片化分布,外部风险分担、补偿机制不健全,很多领域立法缺失或层级不足,一些抵质押融资创新缺乏配套机制。三是金融消费者教育有待加强,长期积累的“刚性兑付”观念影响依然存在,“收益自享、风险自担”的观念仍未有效建立,风险和责任意识有待增强。针对以上困难和问题,下一步应如何推进普惠金融发展,我谈几点建议和看法:

第一,坚持经济效益和社会效益的协调平衡,确保普惠金融可持续发展。

发展普惠金融是银行业践行社会责任的重要体现,但履行社会责任也不都是“无偿献血”“义务劳动”。普惠金融不是慈善和救济,而是为了帮助受益群体提升“造血”功能,只有坚持商业可持续原则,建立健全激励约束机制,才能确保普惠金融发展可持续,路走的越长越远越稳越好。实践案例证明,大银行搞好普惠金融,回归本源、不忘初心,用心、用情、用金融专业与农户和小企业良性互动,也能取得很好的示范效应。如宁夏固原有个蔡川村,曾是宁夏最贫困的乡村之一,从2008年开始,邮储银行宁夏分行通过创新金融扶贫方式,构建了“银行+合作社(龙头企业)+农户”的金融精准扶贫“蔡川模式”,即通过村委会干部、养殖户能手、贷款农户和银行共担风险的模式,有效弥补了普通农户没有抵押担保物的短板,实现了意愿贷款的农户应贷尽贷,使该村人均纯收入几年间翻了近4倍,帮助蔡川村实现脱贫致富,社会效应显著。同时,累计发放贷款超过1亿元,小贷资金没有出现一笔不良贷款,经营效应明显。既能赚到钱、又能防风险,实现了共襄双赢之举。

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