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PPP项目亟需多措并举规范发展

2017-09-20 08:52:24   中国经济网

■本报记者 阳爱姣

【农村金融时报】

近日,云南省印发《关于在公共服务领域深入推进政府和社会资本合作工作的通知》明确,在垃圾处理、污水处理等公共服务领域,对新建项目要广泛采用PPP模式。此前,陕西省、贵州省也发布了推进PPP三年行动计划(2017年—2019年),其中陕西省提出力争三年内开工建设PPP项目300个,总投资4000亿元,贵州省将筛选出1000个PPP项目进行重点推进。河南省也发布了新增调入河南省PPP项目库的通知,75个项目新入库,总投资1143亿元。

从2014年起至今,短短3年多的时间,全国PPP项目累计投资额已突破16万亿元,PPP市场的火热也带来了上市公司PPP订单和业绩的倍数级增长。财政部PPP中心数据显示,截至今年6月末,PPP项目落地495个、投资额1.24万亿元,落地率达到71%。其中,第一批和第二批示范项目已100%落地,第三批示范项目落地率为60.6%。

同时,下半年PPP的发展速度有望进一步加快。今年8月初,国家发展改革委、农业部共同组织筛选了农业领域第一批PPP试点项目;同时,发改委8月16日公布的下半年工作重点中提到,下半年发改委将推动各地运用多种PPP运作模式,盘活存量资产,形成投资良性循环。

但记者同时发现,在高速增长的背后,PPP项目暴露出明股实债、重建设轻运营、伪PPP等诸多乱象。多位专家向记者表示,目前一个新的倾向是,一些地方政府试图过度利用鼓励政策,借道政府性基金,来突破PPP项目10%红线(政府要求PPP项目资金不超过每年政府预算总额的10%),这将导致PPP泡沫化,增加未来负债累积爆发的风险。

此外,PPP领域还存在明股实债、重建设轻运营、PPP范围泛化伪PPP项目、PPP项目优先级失控等问题。

财政部网站发布了财政部PPP工作领导小组组长、副部长史耀斌在进一步推进PPP规范发展工作座谈会上的讲话,其中就提到PPP领域存在不规范的“四大问题”。他指出,一些地方政府为了吸引社会资本和金融机构快上、多上项目,通过BT、政府回购、承诺固定投资回报等明股实债方式,实施PPP项目。一些政府付费类项目,通过“工程可用性付费+少量运营绩效付费”方式,提前锁定政府大部分支出责任,实际上都是由政府兜底项目风险。此外,将房地产等纯商业化项目拿来包装成PPP,借助有关部门和金融机构对PPP的“绿色通道”,实现快速审批和融资。

针对PPP发展中存在的诸多问题,E20研究院执行院长、国家发改委和财政部PPP“双库”专家薛涛此前在接受采访时建议,项目前端发起的时候,应该设立更好的PPP项目筛选模式,相关部门应建立更好的协调机制。同时,进一步加强信息公开,譬如政府支付情况公开,这样违约的情况会减少。

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