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创逾两年最大单日跌幅 人民币汇率“踩刹车”

2017-09-12 07:48:28   中国经济网

在央行宣布调整部分外汇管理政策后,9月11日,人民币市场汇率应声回调,在岸即期汇率创逾两年最大单日跌幅。市场人士指出,随着人民币汇率重现强势,外汇市场监管政策正重启正常化进程,这也有助于抑制人民币汇率短期过快升值,为汇率重回市场化双向波动创造条件。

中间价涨幅不及预期

11日,人民币兑美元汇率中间价上调35基点,设于6.4997元,再创16个月新高,这也是该中间价自8月28日以来连续第十一日上调,创2011年初以来最长连涨纪录,然而,当天人民币中间价上调幅度并不及市场预期。

此前一个交易日(9月8日),国际市场上美元指数遭遇五连跌,盘中刷新2015年初以来低位纪录;境内市场上,人民币兑美元即期询价交易收报6.4617元,大涨355基点,夜盘23:30收报6.4890元。外汇市场人士表示,在前一日美元仍延续弱势的情况下,11日人民币兑美元中间价大幅低于前市场收盘价,虽是上调,实则展现了引导汇率下调的倾向。

市场猜测,这是逆周期因子在起作用。

今年二季度,人民币兑美元汇率中间价报价机制进一步完善,在原有“收盘价+一篮子货币汇率变化”的报价模型中加入“逆周期因子”。央行称,在中间价报价模型中引入“逆周期因子”,可通过校正外汇市场的顺周期性,防止人民币汇率单方面出现超调。

“二季度引入逆周期因子的背景是,美元弱势格局下,年初人民币对美元升值迟缓,贬值预期仍较浓厚,但现在的情况不一样了,最近人民币升值势头很猛,逆周期因子正在发挥平抑人民币单边升值预期的作用。”市场人士表示。

急调600余点

近期人民币持续快速升值可能已引起监管层关注。央行近日下发通知,境外人民币业务参加行在境内代理行存放存款准备金的政策从即日起取消。另宣布,从9月11日起,外汇风险准备金率也从20%调整为0。这表明,随着人民币恢复强势,之前为稳定人民币汇率预期而采取的一些管制措施正在退出。

联讯证券李奇霖表示,2015年8月31日,央行下发银发[2015]273号文,提出要对金融机构的远期售汇业务收取20%的外汇风险准备金。当时的背景是,人民币对美元处于贬值趋势,贬值预期较浓,企业持汇或购汇动力较强。央行发布此项规定,间接提高了企业的远期购汇成本,有助抑制人民币做空与跨境套利。但人民币在今年一直处于升值的趋势,尤其是近期升值势头十分迅猛。在这样一个背景下,央行调降外汇风险准备金率,其目的在于打断人民币的持续升值趋势,不让人民币升值预期过度膨胀。

有市场机构表示,如果人民币升值过快,可能会引发监管对汇率偏强抑制出口的担忧,促使央行加大干预力度,比如加大从市场购买外汇或者放松之前一些为稳定人民币汇率预期而采取的管制措施。

11日,人民币市场汇率应声下挫,在岸人民币即期价16:30收报6.5239元,创较前收盘价大幅回调622个基点,单日贬值近1%,创下2015年8月13日以来的最大单日跌幅。截至11日18时,离岸人民币(CNH)最低跌297基点至6.5327元。

往后看,有分析人士表示,美元弱势格局下,人民币对美元仍有继续走强的可能,但在汇率政策调整及逆周期因素作用下,汇价双向波动特征料重新增强。

(原标题:创逾两年最大单日跌幅 人民币汇率“踩刹车”)

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