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人民币汇率弹性料增强

2017-09-11 07:42:42   新华网

近期人民币对美元中间价连续10个交易日上调,创2011年初以来最长连涨纪录。专家认为,人民币连续拉升主要受到美元走软影响,此外,央行运用逆周期因子调节也取得了良好效果。前期人民币贬值预期释放、企业预期扭转,将推动人民币打破单边预期,增强汇率弹性。

  误判走势 企业受损

由于对人民币走势判断错误,今年以来不少企业遭受巨额财务损失。

“年中以来,找我们咨询汇率走势的企业特别多,”民生证券研究院院长管清友介绍,“有做电器、地毯、纺织等各种出口型企业”。究其原因,不少企业在去年年末判断今年人民币继续贬值,根据这一预期,企业做出了与今年人民币走势相悖的财务安排。

管清友介绍,年中和年末是企业半年期和一年期套保合约到期、制定新套保合约的时候。在年初做半年套保合约且看空人民币的企业,其损失已反映在了企业的半年报业绩中。

“来咨询的企业,有的因为看贬人民币损失了几千万,反映在财务报表上,拉低了利润增速4个百分点,亏损数亿的企业也有”,管清友说。此外,年底一年期套保到期时,还将有一波企业遭受重创。

管清友认为,央行选择在5月末这一时点推出人民币中间价定价“逆周期因子”调节机制,是央行要赶在企业进行下半年套保合约定价之前强力引导预期。

 美元疲软助推人民币走强

“近期人民币汇率升值主要由中美经济的基本面决定。”中国金融期货交易所研究院首席经济学家赵庆明表示。从全球外汇市场看,今年年初到现在美元指数贬值10%左右,欧元对美元汇率升值约13%,多数非美货币对美元升值均在5%以上。在此情况下,人民币汇率不可能逆市下跌或保持极其平稳。近期欧元区经济数据显示欧洲经济复苏强劲,欧元有望继续上涨,推动美元继续走软。

企业结汇行为变化也对人民币形成向上支撑。“过去两年间人民币汇率连续贬值,很多企业持有美元没有结汇。企业对汇率走势预期一旦扭转,就会从底层结售汇端对人民币形成非常强的支撑。”管清友认为。

央行上半年推出逆周期调节因子是6月以来人民币汇率强劲升值不可忽视的因素之一。管清友认为,逆周期因子推出后取得了良好效果:一是央行对逆周期因子的运用有原则、有底线,并没有逆势调升或调贬人民币;二是当市场失灵和交易惯性存在时,进行理性的逆向调节引导市场价格回归更市场化和更均衡水平;此外,逆周期调节因子的核心是让人民币汇率更具弹性,不累积对美元或主流货币的单边贬值及升值压力。

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