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人民币对美元中间价10连升 专家:维稳汇率仍面挑战

2017-09-10 07:42:38   中国经济网

维稳仍不易

孙鲁军

9月8日,人民币对美元中间价报6.5032,较前一交易日升值237点,这是连续第10个交易日中间价上调,创2011年初以来最长连涨纪录。在当日的在岸即期市场上,人民币对美元汇率更是一度升破6.44元关口,令市场发出“厉害了,我的人民币”的感叹。

如果拉长时间来看,在去年年底,人民币对美元却是另一番景象——一路走贬,大有跌破7的势头。为何人民币在短短几个月时间里走势突然发生转变?人民币未来走势会怎样,需要注意哪些问题?如何避免单边预期“作怪”,保持人民币汇率基本稳定?这一切还要从今年人民币汇率的新变化说起。

“新”变化

今年年初以来,人民币汇率走势主要有四方面的变化:一是人民币改“颓势”为“强势”,对美元出现了较大升值。年初到8月31日,人民币对美元中间价和即期汇率分别升值5.02%和5.16%。具体走势看,大体可分为两个阶段:年初至5月末,人民币对美元汇率在6.80-6.90元区间内窄幅波动,略有升值。这期间,人民币对美元中间价仅升值了1.24%;但从6月1开始,也就是中间价调整机制引入“逆周期因子”后,人民币对美元升幅明显加大,呈现强劲升值态势。这期间,人民币对美元中间价升值208个基点,升幅3.05%。

二是离、在岸市场CNH和CNY价差出现反复。离岸和在岸市场人民币对美元即期汇率CNH和CNY价差走势大体上也可分为两个阶段;年初至6月初,离岸市场人民币对美元汇率CNH有九成左右的交易日较在岸市场CNY强,CNH往往成为在岸市场汇率CNY的“风向标”;但从6月15日开始,情况出现了反转,CNY在多数时间要强于CNH,带动了离岸市场人民币汇率CNH走强。

三是除了对美元外,人民币对一篮子货币指数及篮子中主要货币均出现贬值。年初以来,人民币汇率指数并没有跟随美元走势,出现了对一篮子货币贬值的态势。CFETS人民币汇率指数从今年1月6日95.25下跌到8月25日的93.76,跌幅1.59%。同期,参考BIS货币篮子人民币汇率指数从 96.63下跌到94.20,跌幅为2.51%.。年初至8月31日,除了对美元外,人民币对篮子中的其他主要货币均出现贬值态势。其中,人民币对欧元中间价贬值7.91%,对英镑贬值0.26%,对日元贬值0.8%,对澳元贬值4.23%。

四是相对于其他主要货币,人民币对美元升值并不大。年初至8月31日,其他主要货币对美元升幅大于人民币的升幅,其中,欧元兑美元升值了 12.23%,英镑升幅为5.05%,澳元升幅9.34%,日元升幅6.48%。

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