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涨价传导不畅 基金博弈周期股行情

2017-09-06 07:36:53   中国经济网

在周期性行业一轮轮的产品涨价潮中,周期股的股价发起了一轮又一轮的冲刺。但随着股价攀至一个高峰,市场质疑声也随之而来。多位机构投资者在接受中国证券报记者采访时表示,从中报业绩来看,受制于终端消费的稳定,主要得益于政策变化而上涨的周期品价格,很难传导至中游和下游行业之中,周期品价格的进一步上行将会陷入一个复杂的“囚徒困境”博弈之中。而周期股行情,也有可能因此反复震荡。

涨价传导链条不顺

尽管周期股在中报靓丽业绩的带动下,上周再度发起冲锋,但市场的质疑声并未消除。在上市公司中报业绩披露完毕后,许多投资者惊讶地发现,周期品价格飙涨之后,受制于终端消费需求的不振,中游和下游企业并不能顺畅地提高自己的产品价格。如此一来,中游和下游企业只能内部强行消化新增成本,导致产品毛利率出现了不同程度的下滑。

以三一重工为例,受今年以来挖掘机等工程机械产品的火爆销售影响,尽管钢价飙涨,但市场对行业龙头三一重工的中报业绩预期仍相当高。结果中报出炉后,许多机构大失所望:从上半年整体业绩来看,三一重工确实喜报频频,无论是营业收入还是净利润同比都有巨幅增长,但细看二季度,在二季度营收同比增长64%、环比上升4.84%的背景下,二季度净利润环比下降44.5%,毛利率、净利率也分别较一季度下行5.27、3.74个百分点。

国金证券认为,根据三一重工的统计,钢材成本占总成本20%,自2016年以来钢材价格震荡上升,2017年一季度钢材价格指数较2016年一季度同比上升28.6%,而公司存货周转率较高(过去三年存货周转率平均数大于2.5),钢材价格上升基本同步影响产品毛利率。

事实上,承受着周期品价格上涨压力的,不仅仅是工程机械行业。以煤炭行业的下游发电企业为例,随着煤炭价格的飙涨,发电企业的盈利能力显著下滑。如国电电力半年报显示,期内实现营业收入287.44亿元,同比增长1.83%,但净利润为16.93亿元,同比却减少54.83%,其他电力上市公司的情况也大致相同。很显然,煤炭行业赚的“盆满钵满”的背后,其实切割的是下游企业的利润蛋糕。

基金经理分歧明显

对于周期股的强势行情,基金经理的看法各有不同。

对于本轮周期股上涨的本质,华商瑞丰混合型基金基金经理张永志认为,今年市场整体行情都表现为对于长期的“故事”全面抛弃,追求增长的确定性,目前更看重短期业绩,而周期股的这轮上涨则契合了市场诉求。钢铁股业绩高速增长,估值水平和市场预期都比较低,所以今年大超市场预期的二季报才引领了这轮周期股的牛市,但是到目前为止,钢铁股的估值水平依然比较低,或许反映的还是市场对于周期股长期可持续性的谨慎。

中国证券报记者在采访中发现,不少基金经理开始构建周期股上涨的新逻辑,即从业绩增长转变为供给侧改革的“概念”持续。换而言之,周期股高唱“独角戏”的下半场,或将以政策作为炒作主旋律,或者跟随政策变化而终结。

广发创新升级基金经理刘格菘认为,从长期看,供给侧改革和环保政策不是一个短期政策,未来五年,只要供给侧改革没有达到预期效果,政策会一直坚持下去,这意味着周期行业的生态已发生了根本性变化。而只要供给侧改革的大方向不变,当前供需背景下大宗商品价格还有进一步上涨的空间,只是上涨速度将由前一阶段的快涨型进入到中长期趋势的慢涨型,在此基础上,周期行业的成长性不需要担忧。

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