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公募基金流动性新规出炉 全生命周期监管 强化风控底线

2017-09-04 07:16:08   中国经济网

□本报实习记者 刘宗根 本报记者 刘夏村

9月1日,中国证监会发布《公开募集开放式证券投资基金流动性风险管理规定》(以下简称《管理规定》),自2017年10月1日开始施行。

分析人士认为,《管理规定》的出台,从管理人内部控制、产品设计、申赎管理、信息披露等七大环节提出了基金产品全生命周期的流动性管理要求,将有利于公募基金行业的平稳发展。

七大环节规避风险

中国证券报记者注意到,新规共10章41条,从管理人内部控制、产品设计、投资交易限制、申购与赎回管理、流动性风险管理工具、信息披露、以及监督管理等七大方面对开放式基金的流动性风险管理提出要求,并针对货币市场基金的流动性风险管控做出了专门规定。

以产品设计为例,对于投资流动性受限标的占比较大的产品,要求在基金通过封闭或定期开放的运作方式减少流动性风险,同时,对于单一投资者持有份额占比超过50%的基金,要求采用发起式、定期开放运作,并不得向个人投资者发售。

工银瑞信认为,这一方面规范了委外定制基金的发展,同时,也规避了定制基金的特殊风险给个人投资者带来的冲击。但对于机构投资者占比较大的ETF及联接基金也给予了豁免,体现了差异化的监管,将有效地较少新规给市场带来的冲击。

天风证券孙彬彬认为,流动性受限资产中,10个交易日以上到期的逆回购、有条件提前支取的银行定期存款对于固收类开放式基金来说影响较大,尤其是对货币基金而言,整体银行定期存款的占比明显超过10%,该规定将较明显推动货币基金投资于短期限逆回购、活期存款与无条件提前支取的银行存款,整体会可能会起到降低货基收益的效果。

货币基金需回归本源

最新发布的《管理规定》中关于货币基金的相关条款最受关注。整体来看,《管理规定》从三个维度完善规则、加强对货币基金的管控:一是控制规模无序增长,将货币市场基金规模与其风险准备金挂钩;二是实施产品分类监管,区分机构类和零售类货币市场基金,对新设的机构类货币市场基金,禁止采用摊余成本法进行估值核算;三是对货币市场基金设定比普通公募基金更为严格的流动性指标限制。

“截至6月30日,公募基金货币基金规模是51198.06亿元,按照新规,全行业需要256亿元风险准备金。”某券商分析人士表示。以规模最大的余额宝为例,目前余额宝规模已经超过1.4万亿,其风险准备金将超过70亿元。

新规要求货币市场基金投资于主体信用评级低于AAA的机构发行的金融工具占基金资产净值的比例合计不得超过10%。在孙彬彬看来,上述条款对货基投资主体低于AA+的银行存款与同业存单进行了统一规定,符合同业存单与存款都实质对应主体信用资质的情况。

工银瑞信认为,虽然短期来看,流动性新规将增加货币基金投资管理的限制,加大货币基金投资管理的难度,但中长期来看,行业将在回归现金管理本源的基础上,通过加大货币基金的功能性开发实现健康发展,投资者对于货币基金的认知也将更加理性。

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