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央行“削峰填谷”维稳流动性 市场谨慎预期9月资金面

2017-09-01 08:56:28   新华网

经历了前两日的“求钱若渴”后,8月最后一天的资金面终于平稳度过。随着月末财政支出加大支援,绷紧的资金面有所舒缓,一度突破逾两年高位的上海银行间同业拆放利率(Shibor)隔夜利率也在一天内大幅回落9.27个基点,报2.8310%。

展望9月,综合天量同业存单到期、季末宏观审慎评估(MPA)考核、月中缴税等多重扰动因素,资金面或难言乐观。市场对于资金面的预期也从年中时的“偏宽”转向了“偏紧”,市场情绪或将变得更为谨慎。

回顾8月,流动性出现意料之外的收紧。“本来大家预期资金面在9月跨季时面临压力,没想到提前在8月就表现得这么紧张。”某保险机构固定收益部投资经理告诉记者。

银行的超储率普遍偏低,是8月流动性偏紧的症结所在。“银行的储备资金变少了,头寸也变少了,更依赖于央行公开市场操作‘放水’。”上述投资经理指出。

反映在银行的资金操作上,一旦央行当日实施大额净回笼,商业银行的融出意愿受到冲击,市场上便会出现较大波动。8月30日Shibor隔夜利率飙升至2.9237%,一举突破6月下旬跨季前的最高位。非银机构资金压力陡增,当天上交所质押式国债回购利率GC001加权均价高达6.8726%,两日内累计上行近200个基点。

反观央行公开市场操作则始终保持定力,8月下旬以来维持净回笼格局。8月21日至今,央行累计净回笼5600亿元,若按全口径计算,全月净回笼4080亿元,为近5个月首次单月净回笼。

对此,招商证券固收团队首席分析师徐寒飞对记者表示,不能被公开市场巨额净回笼的数字所“迷惑”,央行是在综合考虑诸多流动性释放因素之后,依然保持了“削峰”操作,维持资金面稳定。

据其梳理,8月下旬,各省国库现金定存释放流动性约1820亿元,再加上本月超量续作中期借贷便利(MLF)净投放1120亿元以及国库定存投放800亿元,央行8月21日至今的实际净回笼资金规模在1500亿元左右。而8月末的财政支出规模预计为7000亿元左右,所以央行持续回笼是为了对冲流动性释放,货币政策仍保持稳健中性,并没有边际上的收紧。

9月资金面的第一座“大山”,就是同业存单集中到期。最新统计显示,将有2.3251万亿元同业存单面临到期,创下历史上到期规模新高。这为银行带来较大的融资需求缺口。不过,业内人士认为,同业存单到期或带来个别时点上的压力,不会产生持续收紧的影响。

徐寒飞认为,季末的MPA考核及9月中旬的缴税期,也是资金面较大扰动因素。而债券供给对市场尚无冲击,9月利率债净融资规模不大,信用债供给也低于前两月水平。

此外,“银行公布半年报后的分红也是一个制约因素,如果采取现金分红方式也会对其流动性产生影响。”另一位保险机构人士表示。

当然,9月份资金面也不乏利好因素。一方面,8月和9月是财政支出月份,财政存款还将继续释放流动性;另一方面,人民币升值使得外汇占款在边际上下降,减轻货币回笼压力。

对于接下来的央行公开市场操作,徐寒飞认为,需要关注的是9月初的MLF续作情况。9月将有2830亿元MLF到期,首笔1695亿元MLF将于9月7日到期。如果继续像6月那样超量续作,则当前市场紧平衡的情绪很可能会缓解。如果续作的量不大,资金面紧张情绪则可能会延续到9月中下旬,待缴税期结束,等季末的财政支出开始发力,资金面才会有所松动。(记者 金嘉捷)

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