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同业存单滚动续发压力增大 9月中小金融机构资金面迎考验

2017-09-01 08:16:45   中国经济网

在8月下半月以来市场资金面收敛、9月2.3万亿元同业存单到期压力待解的背景下,中国人民银行8月31日发布公告称,自9月1日起,不再允许商业银行发行期限超过1年的同业存单。业内人士表示,在9月同业存单有巨量规模到期的情况下,中小金融机构的同业存单滚动续发将面临新的压力。

银行或调整资产端

央行此次发布的公告正值9月份同业存单市场有巨量到期的微妙时点。统计数据显示,截至8月31日,银行间市场9月到期同业存单规模达23251亿元,为2013年12月有同业存单发行以来的最大历史单月到期量。8月份同业存单16612亿元的发行量虽较7月的15811亿元略有增加,但全月614亿元的净融资额较7月的4506亿元出现大幅萎缩。考虑到9月份逾2.3万亿元的到期量,即便当月同业存单发行完全没有受到央行新规的影响,全月市场要实现正融资仍面临不小的压力。

对于同业存单发行新规,天风证券分析师孙彬彬表示,过去几年中,由于供需两不旺,长期限同业存单的发行量极少。整体而言,在“缺存款”的大背景未明显逆转的情况下,禁止发行长期限存单后,银行将更多地寻求资产端的变化来应对同业负债占比考核,在负债端进行科目腾挪的难度加大。该举措表明金融监管仍会保持一定压力,对金融机构的行为仍会产生持续影响。

政策信号强烈

江苏某城商行固定收益投资人士对中国证券报记者表示,本次央行修改同业存单发行办法,政策性收紧的信号更强烈。尽管央行8月初表示明年一季度评估时才会将主要金融机构1年期限以内的同业存单纳入MPA考核,给了商业银行半年左右的缓冲时间,但在9月市场同业存单到期规模巨大的情况下,本次央行“查遗补漏”的动作显然会使金融机构对同业存单的投资需求和投资偏好产生持续负面压力。

值得注意的是,大型银行对于同业存单等同业业务的态度已经发生变化。工商银行董事长易会满此前公开表示,工行将重点关注表内和表外“两张资产负债表”,确保同业资产和负债比重控制在10%以内。

银监会要求,单家商业银行同业融入资金余额不得超过该银行负债总额的三分之一。相对于管理层目前的监管力度,易会满的表态在很大程度上意味着,大型银行在同业存单等同业业务方面收缩的力度更大。

中小机构压力大

对于同业存单市场的变局,机构分析师表示,小型城市商业银行和农村商业银行、中型股份制商业银行受有关新规的影响最为显著,原因在于此类银行更为依赖批发资金。同时,中小型银行在同业存单发行方面也最为活跃。新规实施后,一些规模较小且依赖批发资金的银行需要作出调整,以应对同业资金供应减少、流动性趋紧及融资成本上升。同时,监管部门需要进一步预防一些银行转向依赖其他不稳定的市场资金来源。

尽管8月下半月资金面出现结构性紧张以及部分中小银行、非银行金融机构面临流动性压力,目前央行的政策调控仍保持“淡定”,连续多个交易日的公开市场操作均出现资金净回笼。

前海再保险投资管理部副总裁于广南对中国证券报记者表示,8月下半月以来资金面的整体形势虽然有一定程度的超预期紧张,但仍在央行的调控和接受范围之内。整体而言,央行稳健的政策立场没有发生趋紧的变化,未来央行仍会灵活运用各种流动性调控手段和方式,保障资金面的大体平稳。

对于9月份逾两万亿元同业存单的到期压力,市场人士表示,一般商业银行都会根据未来的流动性需求提前对资金做提前安排。整体来看,虽然全月同业存单到期量较大,部分商业银行也会出现较大的滚动续发压力,但市场资金成本整体应当不会比8月份高。

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