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伊库区独立公投在即 周边邻国绷紧神经

2017-09-24 20:16:52   新华网

新华社北京9月24日电 伊库区独立公投在即 周边邻国绷紧神经

新华社记者

伊拉克库尔德自治区(库区)政府23日重申独立公投将于9月25日如期举行。除伊拉克中央政府强烈反对之外,土耳其、伊朗和叙利亚三个周边邻国也对库区独立公投绷紧神经,密切关注公投结果及其可能带来的影响。

分析人士指出,土耳其和伊朗已多次明确表示反对伊拉克库区独立公投,叙利亚政府也倾向于支持伊拉克统一。一旦公投结果对独立“亮绿灯”,土耳其等邻国可能将采取经济和军事措施加以应对。

  历史纠葛

库尔德人是中东最古老的族群之一,总人口3000多万,目前主要分布于土耳其、叙利亚、伊拉克、伊朗四国的交界地带。

土耳其境内的库尔德人口约为1400万,是该国除土耳其族外的第二大民族。土耳其政府坚决反对伊库区独立,一方面是因为土耳其集中了很大一部分的库尔德人口,伊库区独立可能产生示范效应,另一方面则与库尔德工人党(库工党)长达数十年的武装活动有关。

成立于1979年的库工党主张以武力建立独立的库尔德人国家,是土政府的心头大患,被土耳其、美国和欧盟列为恐怖组织。近几年来,库工党与土耳其武装部队频繁发生交火,迄今已造成超过600名军人和警察死亡。土耳其军队采取强硬的越境打击行动,频繁派战机轰炸伊拉克、叙利亚境内的库工党目标。

生活在伊朗的库尔德人约为700万。总体而言,伊朗没有出现土耳其境内严重的对立情况。不过,伊朗中央政府一直对库尔德人潜在的独立倾向保持警惕。

叙利亚境内的库尔德人主要生活在该国东北部,人口约200万,占叙利亚人口约10%。

叙利亚冲突爆发之初,叙政府集中精力对付反政府武装,使得库尔德人有机会实现自我治理。然而极端组织“伊斯兰国”乘乱进入叙利亚,在叙东北部急剧扩张势力,与库尔德人爆发武装冲突。在这一过程中,库尔德人逐渐成为打击“伊斯兰国”的重要力量,并开始受到国际社会的关注。

  坚决反对

分析人士指出,伊拉克库区一意孤行以公投推动独立,很可能在整个中东地区引发连锁反应,甚至为世界其他国家解决民族问题产生不良示范效应。这也是周边各国普遍反对公投的重要原因。

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