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解疑库尔德公投:公投会不会引发战争?

2017-09-20 06:57:13   新华网

伊拉克库尔德人拟于25日举行的独立公投面临持续压力。伊拉克最高法院18日颁令,要求暂停库尔德地区的公投,以审查其是否违宪。在伊拉克东北部石油储量丰富的基尔库克,当局开始加强警力配备,以防公投引发冲突。

继多国领导人和国际组织表态反对公投之后,同样存在库尔德问题的土耳其再次发声,土耳其总理比纳利·耶尔德勒姆18日说,任何从内部或外部对土耳其国家安全的威胁都会立即遭到回应。

设在埃尔比勒的伊拉克库尔德议会15日通过库尔德自治区(库区)主席马苏德·巴尔扎尼今年6月宣布的独立公投提议。面对外部持续压力,巴尔扎尼多次表示愿就公投谈判,但要有合理的“替代方案”。他还表示,在公投如期举行的情况下,其结果不会导致库区立刻宣布独立建国。据非官方统计,库尔德人总数约3500万,在伊拉克约500万人。

公投会不会在最后一刻取消?如果如期举行,其结果会不会引发武装冲突?中国社科院西亚非洲研究所中东研究室主任唐志超认为,最近几天不排除出现变数,如果举行公投,大概率会通过,但引发大规模武装冲突的可能性不大。以下是唐志超对事件的解读。

问:伊拉克库尔德人顶着压力举行公投,有哪些打算?

答:主要考虑有三点:第一,打击极端组织“伊斯兰国”已取得重大进展。在这场战斗中,伊拉克中央政府遭严重削弱,而库尔德人取得重要国际支持,士气大振,有意借此机会,提高对中央政府的要价。第二,巴尔扎尼在库区内部的领导地位面临严重挑战,急需一场运动来争取民心,争取继续掌权。第三,中东地缘政治秩序和政治版图正发生冷战结束以来最重大的变化。地区主要国家如叙利亚和伊拉克实力均遭到严重削弱;土耳其内外危机严峻;美国总统唐纳德·特朗普上台后,伊朗面临中东地区反伊联盟重组的新威胁,整个地区的库尔德人迎来一战结束以来的第二次黄金时代,希望借机改变命运。

问:如果公投如期举行,会是何结果?

答:公投肯定会获得通过。但是,公投不会导致独立建国,原因是当前时机仍不成熟。除以色列外,没有一个国家支持库尔德人独立。库尔德人内部也有反对声音。下一步很可能是,库区政府就此向伊拉克中央政府施压,在领土、石油分配和自治权力等方面索要高价。在库区内部,继续维持库尔德民主党一家独大的态势。

问:为什么是伊拉克库尔德人挑头公投?

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