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库区独立公投在即 伊拉克哪里气氛最紧张?

2017-09-21 07:17:52   新华网

伊拉克北部库尔德自治区(库区)独立公投在即,气氛最紧张的不是库区管辖的三个省,而是库区以外的基尔库克市。18日,这里发生一起涉及民族矛盾的暴力枪杀事件。为避免点燃这个“火药桶”,基尔库克全城19日晚实施宵禁,政府责成一个由多民族和教派组成的委员会调查枪杀事件。

知情人士告诉路透社记者,18日晚,一支库尔德人的摩托车队在一个土库曼人政党办公楼前与保安发生冲突,库尔德人先开枪,遭到保安回击,导致一名库尔德人死亡,另两名库尔德人受伤。

知情人士说,这支摩托车队当时正为库区即将举行的独立公投庆祝,摩托车上插着库区旗帜。但他没有说明冲突具体是怎么爆发的。

几个小时后,死伤者的亲属带人袭击了该土库曼人政党的另一个办公楼,两方人员打成一团,但第二起事件没有造成人员受伤。

为避免事情越闹越大,警方决定成立一个由库尔德人、土库曼人和阿拉伯人组成的委员会,专门调查此事。警方刻意低调处理此事,称已经逮捕相关人员,“全怪年轻人鲁莽不冷静”。基尔库克全城19日晚实施宵禁。

基尔库克是伊拉克北部石油重镇,人口中库尔德人、阿拉伯人、土库曼人各占有一定比例。2003年伊拉克战争爆发后,库尔德人主导了基尔库克省的行政和立法机构。2014年,伊拉克北方大片中央政府控制区落入极端组织“伊斯兰国”手中,政府军节节败退,库尔德民兵组织积极抵抗“伊斯兰国”,并在2014年夏天首次控制了库区之外与中央政府存在争议的一些地区,包括基尔库克省。

今年6月,库区宣布将于9月25日举行独立公投,参加公投的地区不限于库区政府管辖的埃尔比勒、苏莱曼尼亚和杜胡克三省,还包括目前由库尔德人控制但与伊拉克中央政府存在争议的地区,基尔库克省即属于后者。基尔库克省议会上月底通过议案,同意该省参加库区独立公投,招致中央政府震怒。

伊拉克邻国土耳其也想在基尔库克找“存在感”。今年4月,基尔库克市一些政府部门升起库尔德旗帜。土耳其总统雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安批评说,基尔库克不能被库尔德人独吞。

土耳其在基尔库克的代理人是土库曼族。土库曼族是伊拉克的少数民族,主要生活在伊拉克北部与土耳其接壤的地区。土库曼人与土耳其人同属突厥血统,在语言、历史和文化上有千丝万缕的联系。土耳其一直将土库曼人视为民族近亲,经常为伊拉克和叙利亚的土库曼人“出头”。

土耳其从18日开始在土伊边境口岸哈布尔附近举行军事演习,演习将持续到26日,即库区独立公投后一天。土耳其外交部长梅夫吕特·恰武什奥卢此前声称,土耳其反对库区独立,“必要时将动用武力”。

伊拉克邻国中,土耳其境内的库尔德人口最多,所占面积最大,因此土耳其对库区独立反应最强烈。多年来,土耳其政府一直在与库尔德分裂势力作斗争。

库尔德人是中东地区仅次于阿拉伯、突厥和波斯民族的第四大民族,是西亚最古老的民族之一,总人口约3000万,主要分布在土耳其东南部、伊朗西北部、伊拉克北部和叙利亚东北部。虽然人口众多,但库尔德人没有自己的国家,一战以来一直在为建国举事,但均以失败告终。(王宏彬)(新华社专特稿)

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