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解疑库尔德公投:探访公投前的伊拉克库区

2017-09-20 06:57:13   新华网

今年6月,伊拉克库尔德自治区(库区)主席马苏德·巴尔扎尼宣布,将于9月25日就库区独立举行公投。随着公投日期临近,库区政党间分歧远未解决,而部分库区民众面对公投也情绪复杂。

记者近日前往库区首府埃尔比勒采访,亲身感受了公投前的氛围。

【民众盼稳】

在埃尔比勒市内,库区区旗和呼吁民众支持公投的广告随处可见。在市内的一些公共场所,由政府和民间机构组织的支持公投的小规模集会不时出现。但据了解,在库区反对党“变革运动”活跃的苏莱曼尼亚,一些反对公投的游行也在上演。

在埃尔比勒采访的一周时间里,记者向出租车司机、媒体人等不同阶层的民众问起他们对公投的态度。许多人在期望建立一个独立国家的同时,也希望公投引发的争议不要影响来之不易的稳定生活。

媒体人贾迈勒对记者表达了维护库区稳定的愿望。42岁的贾迈勒对战争的记忆无比深刻,“两伊战争爆发时(1980年),我才5岁,之后的无数个夜晚里,我都是在枪炮声中入睡的……”

海湾战争结束后,伊拉克库尔德人在伊北部建立自治区。但好景不长,库区两大政党库尔德民主党(库民党)和库尔德斯坦爱国联盟(库爱盟)随后发生分歧,残酷的内战又持续数年。

贾迈勒认为,公投有可能破坏库区近20年难得的稳定局面,同时他也对库区政府的腐败和不透明感到不满。贾迈勒说,他支持独立,但反对现在举行公投,“如果公投如期举行的话,我和妻子都会抵制,这就是我们的立场”。

【政府承压】

随着公投日期临近,库区政府面临的压力越来越大。

库区政党内部分歧仍未消除。9月15日,在“变革运动”等反对党抵制的情况下,库区议会在停摆近两年后重新召集会议,批准于9月25日举行独立公投。“变革运动”和库尔德斯坦伊斯兰组织则表示会议不合法,不接受议会通过的决议。

库区和中央政府的紧张关系也逐渐升级。长期以来,双方在基尔库克、尼尼微、迪亚拉和萨拉赫丁等多个省份的管辖权上有分歧。库区公布的公投范围包括上述省份内存在争议的地区,引发外界对公投可能引发冲突的担忧。

库区公布公投计划以来,多个不太受中央政府约束的民兵组织发出威胁,称将使用武力对抗分裂国家的行为。库区官员则回应称,不会成为挑衅方,但受到攻击时定会反击。伊拉克总理海德尔·阿巴迪近日在接受媒体采访时说,若公投导致伊拉克民众受到法律外的武力威胁时,中央政府会“军事介入”。

此外,公投还遭到土耳其和伊朗的强烈反对,两国担心伊拉克库尔德人谋求独立的举措可能在本国产生连锁反应,为本国境内的库尔德人带来示范效应,危及其国家安全和领土完整。

长期支持库尔德人的美国也对公投一事持有异议。15日晚库区议会批准举行公投后,美国白宫在一份声明中说:“在争议地区举行公投是极具挑衅性、危害稳定的(行为)。因而,我们呼吁库区政府取消公投,同巴格达展开严肃、持续的对话。”

分析人士认为,目前距离预定的公投日期不足10天,而库区面临内部分歧、中央政府和邻国的强烈反对,以及美国的压力,公投最终能否如期举行,仍存变数。(程帅朋)(新华社专特稿)

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