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反对声中的支持 以色列为何支持库尔德人建国

2017-09-22 06:52:14   新华网

伊拉克北部库尔德自治区(库区)定于25日举行独立公投,伊拉克中央政府、邻国土耳其、伊朗、叙利亚乃至长期扶持库区的美国和英国都表示反对,只有以色列公开支持。以色列为何站在库尔德人这边?多名受访专家和以色列官员认为,地缘政治和反恐需要是主要原因。

今年6月,库区主席马苏德·巴尔扎尼宣布公投消息后,招来一片反对声音。但以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡立即站出来力挺库区。他在上周的最新表态中称“库尔德人谋求建国的努力合理”,以色列政府表示支持。

支持库尔德人的以色列高层不止内塔尼亚胡一个人。国防军前“二把手”、前副参谋长亚伊尔·戈兰几天前在华盛顿近东政策研究所发言,为库区独立游说。

戈兰说:“基本上,考虑到东边的伊朗和整个地区的不稳定性,在这片泥潭中建立一个可靠、稳定和有凝聚力的库尔德实体不是个坏主意。”

伊朗是以色列在中东的心腹大患。近年来,伊朗在伊拉克和叙利亚的势力范围扩大,与黎巴嫩真主党和加沙地带哈马斯连成一片,以色列认为这给其国家安全造成威胁。因此,以色列迫切希望在这条什叶派走廊钉入一个楔子,这个楔子从地理位置上看正好是库尔德人聚居区,位于伊拉克、伊朗、土耳其和叙利亚四国交界带。

法新社报道,以色列需要在中东地区寻找阿拉伯人和波斯人以外的盟友,库尔德人是理想选择。犹太人和库尔德人都是该地区的少数民族,有相似遭遇和心态,存在广泛共同利益。

特拉维夫大学教授奥夫拉·本希奥介绍,上世纪六七十年代,以色列和库尔德人联系一度非常紧密。以色列当时秘密向伊拉克库尔德人提供大量军事、情报和物资援助。库尔德人当时则帮助许多在萨达姆执政期间被迫害的犹太人转移出境。这些人来到以色列后,成为支持库尔德人的以色列民间力量。

以色列和库区领导层互动频繁,关系友好。库区主席巴尔扎尼及其已故父亲都访问过以色列,许多以色列官员也访问过库区。值得一提的是,巴尔扎尼的父亲曾是一呼百应的政治领袖,在库尔德人中威望极高,是建国举事的先驱人物。

本希奥说,以色列支持库区独立,还有一个原因是反恐需要。她说,“更重要的是,库区将成为一个抵抗极端分子的缓冲带”,其中不仅包括“伊斯兰国”,还有什叶派民兵组织。

以色列前内政部长吉德翁·萨尔也持相同看法。萨尔说:“看库尔德人在地图上的位置,你就会意识到,他们可以成为阻挡这一地区极端主义扩散的一道大坝。而且在现实中,打击‘伊斯兰国’全靠他们。”

无论是在伊拉克还是叙利亚,库尔德武装是打击“伊斯兰国”最有战斗力的力量。无论是摩苏尔战役的外围战争,还是正在进行的拉卡战役,库尔德武装都是不可或缺的主力军。正因为如此,美国一直在军事上支持库尔德武装。美国官方声明中反对库区独立公投的理由也是担心公投破坏反恐阵线,影响打击“伊斯兰国”战事。(王宏彬)(新华社专特稿)

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