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人民日报:税减了,企业为何还觉得负担重?

2016-12-23 09:16:18   人民日报

国家税务总局税收科学研究所所长李万甫认为,国家应加快清费立税进程,切实将适合税收形式征缴的收费项目、基金项目改为税收。在明晰政府事权和规范政府支出的前提下,控制政府规模膨胀,减少政府对社会资源的强制占有和使用的份额。

同时,着力把握好减税降负主基调,为刺激企业投资增长、增加居民收入水平以及扩大消费能力,预留空间。妥善处理好政府与市场以及相互间资源占有和分配使用的关系,发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用,为企业和市场松绑,为经济发展增添活力。

“中央经济工作会议已明确,要在减税、降费、降低要素成本上加大工作力度。这相当于给了大家一颗定心丸。”刘尚希表示,从长远来看,减税仍有必要。但减税相对容易,更难的是推动经济社会改革,这才是降低企业负担的根本出路,也是更加艰巨的任务。

新闻背景:

引起这么大的关注,

曹德旺到底说了啥?

1.谈赴美建厂:

美国电价约3毛多,中国6毛多

我在俄亥俄州建厂房,18万平方米,675亩地,卖给我1500万美元,俄亥俄州政府给我们各种补贴,目前第一笔补贴就有1500万美元左右。算下来等于买土地没有花钱。

我认为美国人恢复制造业大国的决心很大。从总统到各个政府部门的一把手都出面为发展制造业“站台”。调研完之后我觉得,我早就应该来了,而不是一直拖在国内。

中国制造业成本太高,美国天然气每立方相当于7毛钱人民币,中国卖2块2,这还是政府对我很优惠的前提下;电价,美国3毛钱左右,中国6毛多;高速公路,美国不收费,中国过路费一吨5毛钱。

2.谈国内办企业:增值税是最大负担

中国的增值税有多高?简单来说,一个卖6000块的手机,增值税大概要交1020块。当然,其中有可以抵扣的项目,是哪些呢?按照目前的税收制度,采购的费用可以抵扣,工资不能抵扣,折旧费不能抵扣,管理费、运输费这些都不能抵扣,不能抵扣的部分大概有40%到50%。

按照中国目前一般企业的利润水平,这样算下来,最终大约有一半的营业利润都被收走了。制造业利润非常微薄。

美国没有增值税,只有35%的所得税,加上其他各项税费总共大约40%,中国制造业的综合税负比美国高35%。

3.谈人力成本:中国劳动力优势已经失去

我们过去一直有个认知,中国人力成本低,廉价劳动力是一个优势。

现在情况不一样了,前面说的所有的成本综合加下来,即使在劳动力比美国便宜的情况下,中国也已经没有突出优势了。况且劳动力现在也只是比美国便宜,跟周边国家比,一点竞争力都没有,跟俄罗斯、波兰、中欧都差不多,甚至中国的白领工资比这些国家还要高。

4.谈实体经济:从不做金融、IT、房地产

我希望政府继续支持提倡发展实体经济,其实最近政府的声音也对实体经济的发展起到了积极作用。在具体做法上,政府应该关注小微企业,关注实体经济,财政金融要向国家扶持的产业倾斜。解决制造业的增值税问题。

金融、IT、房地产,这些赚钱快,赚钱也多,我为什么不做?因为我觉得做这些事除了自己赚两个钱,对国家一点好处都没有。多少人找我搞私募基金,我从来不答应做,我宁可捐给慈善机构,我也不愿意做这些。

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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