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中国社科院:2017年财政政策重心应降低宏观税负

2016-12-22 09:19:19   

原标题:2017年财政政策重心应降低宏观税负

●受经济增速减缓以及“营改增”政策性减收效应等因素的影响,2016年以来全国财政收入继续呈现低速增长态势,然而,政府支出力度并没有因此而减弱,尤其是社会保障和就业、医疗卫生与计划生育、城乡社区、住房保障等有关民生项目的政府支出依然保持了较快增长,这表明当前积极财政政策对保民生的力度依然较大。

●供给侧改革与扩大内需是积极财政政策促进经济增长的两个主要实现途径。一方面,积极财政政策要大力支持供给侧改革,核心是为实体经济减轻税费负担和经济结构调整提供有力支撑。另一方面,积极财政政策要在扩大市场需求方面下功夫,努力改善企业发展的需求环境。

●应对经济下行,当前积极财政政策的一个核心内容是减轻企业税费负担。在当前我国经济增速减缓、企业利润增速下滑的形势下,降低企业税费负担有利于增强企业活力,同时也是顺应中央精神的要求。从长期看,有必要降低增值税税率尤其是制造业的增值税税率,并且要进一步大力清理不合理收费为企业减负;同时,推进个人所得税改革势在必行,个人所得税改革应按结构性减税的方向进行,即应以降低中低收入群体的个人所得税水平、提高高收入群体所得税水平为基本方向。

近日,中国社会科学院在京先后发布了《经济蓝皮书》与《世界经济黄皮书》两本年度报告,分别对2016-2017年的中国经济和2017年的世界经济形势进行了分析与预测。社科院预测,2017年中国GDP增长率在6.5%左右,世界GDP增长率约为3.0%。面对经济下行压力,社科院建议未来应加大积极财政政策的实施力度,政策的重心从结构性减税深化为降低宏观税负。

当前应以稳增长为积极财政政策的核心目标

供给侧改革和扩大内需并重

2016年全球贸易增速创2009年以来最低水平,经济增速亦不及此前预期,但全球经济总体保持了温和复苏的发展态势。2016年前三季度,国内生产总值同比增长6.7%,其中第一、二、三产业分别增长3.5%、6.1%和7.6%,第三产业增加值占比继续提高,固定资产投资增速小幅回落,消费增速总体平稳,进出口增速下降,贸易顺差基本稳定,CPI与PPI背离的剪刀差有所缩小,居民收入稳定增长。预计2016年中国经济可以实现年初预期的经济增长目标,增长6.7%左右,继续保持在经济增长的合理区间。

报告指出,考虑供给侧的主要因素持续下滑;需求侧的全球贸易低速增长,外部需求疲弱态势持续;国内投资基数庞大,投资对经济增长的拉动效应在减弱,而且民间资本投资大幅下滑,外商投资持续低迷;消费增速总体保持平稳小幅下滑趋势,过快增长的购房贷款将对整体消费产生不利影响。预计2017年居民消费价格上涨2.2%;工业品出厂价格上涨1.6%,预计2017年全年GDP增长6.5%左右。

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