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国家再出实招促民间投资发展 打破投资玻璃门弹簧门

2017-09-23 07:11:58   中国经济网

根据明树数据的统计,民营企业中标 PPP 项目总投资规模占已落地 PPP 项目总投资规模从2015年12月的35.5%下滑到了今年7月的24.77%;民营企业中标PPP项目个数占已落地PPP项目总数的比例从2015年12月的55.75%下滑到了今年7月的47.62%。与之对应的则是中央企业和地方国有企业份额“双升”。

此次杭绍台高铁项目的制度“破冰”正是打破“玻璃门”的一次尝试,突破了在基础设施PPP项目中,以往国企牵头的局面。 而在《意见》中首次提出解决收费机制和价格机制—— 推动PPP项目资产证券化,鼓励民间资本采取混合所有制、设立基金、组建联合体等多种方式,参与投资规模较大的PPP项目,这更被市场视为一个重要突破。

对于鼓励民营企业进入上述领域,新时代证券首席经济学家潘向东对记者表示,“这是本次《意见》相对较新的部分。一方面,希望把促进民间投资和产业升级结合起来;另一方面,希望通过新兴的PPP模式吸收民间资本参与基础设施建设。”

但他同时指出,要实现这些目标,首先要为民间资本注入信心和提供实质的支持,明确产业政策,加强产业引导,发挥财政性资金带动支持作用;其次要打消民间资本的顾虑,加强政府诚信建设,保证诚信履约,对PPP等项目要有规范的资产负债管理和明确的权利义务划分。

在潘向东看来,民间投资“玻璃门、弹簧门、旋转门”隐喻的是民营企业在投资过程中由于各种行政事项而遇到的障碍,而根源是过去僵化的行政管理思路与不断变化的实体投资实践产生的摩擦,过去的行政理念过于看重审批在维护市场经济秩序中的作用,而忽视了对效率和公平的负面影响,要改变这种现象需要继续坚决推进改革,让部分政府部门放下身段,以服务者的姿态主动去除民营企业正常投资经营中遇到的障碍。

2015年以来国家已经提出了简政放权、放管结合、优化服务,对各类市场主体实施公平准入,缓解融资难融资贵,降低企业成本负担等多项措施。

潘向东认为,各方面措施确实看得到一些实质性的动作,从结果来看,民间投资增速较低谷出现一定回升,但各级政府行政确保新的政策思想落实到位,既需要常态化的监督,尤其是来自民间的监督,又需要进一步完善法制建设,确保在一些具体环节的权责利更为明晰,减少在一些具体事项中政府部门过大的裁量权。

政策出台较多,但能否落实到位仍是问题的关键。对此,周德文建议:一是加强地方督察,确保政策落实到位;二是出台激励机制,调动民资参与投资的积极性;三是要确保民资投资的合法权益。

“毕竟吸引民间资本的长期投资主要取决于三个方面:政策的稳定性;所投行业的前景以及他们投资的合法权益能否获得真正的保护。”周德文说。

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