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复盘在线音乐十年发展史:是版权混乱还是监管缺位?
2017-09-07 14:25:42 中国青年网
回顾国内在线音乐产业的十五年,可以理解为关于音乐“版权”的“权利转移史”。但在这过程中,无论是相关市场规则的制定,亦或行业版权纠纷的调节,却鲜有相关音乐管理组织的身影。据了解,目前,中国大陆只有唯一一家与音乐版权管理相关的管理组织——中国音乐著作权协会,成立于1992年,是专门维护作曲者、作词者和其他音乐著作权人合法权益的非营利性机构。而在在线音乐发展的十余年间,除了“最严版权令”尚对市场有所价值外,也鲜少有其他可以规范市场发展的规则出现。而就这“最严版权令”都是国家版权局所下发的文件通知。不免让人质疑音著协的日常工作及工作效率。
名不副实的原因除自身不作为之外,在线音乐平台的疯长及行业占位对其权利的发挥进行了取代才是真正的缘由。长此以往,音乐版权市场已经被独立的在线音乐平台基本掌控,逐渐造成音乐“集权”问题。
相对于中国在线音乐市场的困境,欧美日等音乐发达市场却鲜少出现版权诉讼案件,尤其是这种互诉类性质。深思原因,很大程度上是由于国外音乐市场已有两百余年的音乐版权管理经验积淀,由中立的著作权集体管理组织统一运作。对此,笔者不免细细研究国外市场是如何规范行业的。与国内音乐市场不同,国外著作权管理组织的存在,本质上用第三方的制度、法制力量,对版权进行统一管理、统一价格、平等授权,并以此限制和预防独家版权模式。对比音著协,其权利与职责更加明确,能够更易做到保障市场的公平竞争。事实上,国外著作权管理组织也确实做到了。
私以为,经过时间的积累与沉淀,行业权威且职责明晰的第三方机制,辅以法律规范,或许是未来在线数字音乐市场的发展方向。
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