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中国音乐市场二虎争斗,音著协的尴尬:是束手无策还是袖手旁观

2017-09-07 12:21:56   中国青年网

从之前的页面设计、用户体验之争,再到如今的独家版权之争,国内在线音乐战况已经进入白热化阶段。31日,在《欢乐颂2》的版权纠纷刚过去一周时间之后,网易云音乐再次起诉腾讯音乐娱乐集团(TME)旗下酷我音乐侵权,这次版权纠纷的源头在于网易云音乐所享有版权的《跨界歌王》中的多首歌曲。目前,杭州互联网法院已受理此案。

提到这里,不禁反问,为何在短短一周之内,就接连发生两起在线音乐侵权案件?是国内在线音乐市场的不健全?还是相关组织的无作为?亦或是在线音乐平台的一家独大而持宠而娇?

国外严加限制独家版权,“最严版权令”却加速国内在线音乐市场的垄断之路

反观国际市场,尤其是欧美日等国外音乐发达市场,音乐平台数量众多,版权诉讼案件却极为少见,这很大程度上在于他们拥有相对完善的音乐版权集体管理制度。

早在19世纪末20世纪初,多数国家便已陆续设立了特定的著作权集体管理组织,对著作权进行集体管理,并辅以法律法规等做有效规约和限制。及至今日,这一组织已成为主流国家的“标配”。音乐词曲作者、唱片公司将版权统一转移到著作权集体管理组织,委任管理。再由集体组织向音乐使用者(在线音乐平台、卡拉OK等)进行集中授权许可,收取版税,并将所得版税分配给权利人。在制度规约下,公开表演权的版税成了音乐作品创作人重要的收入来源。

欧美版权管理制度虽然略有不同,但却有一个明显的共同点是:不公平的待遇、独家的许可和差别价格不被认可。即便是在少部分允许独家许可的国家,也会在法律层面对独家版权进行严加限制。可以说,国外市场基本不存在对数字音乐服务商提供独家许可的先例。

即便是在中国,2013年之前互联网数字授权的模式也是非独家版权许可。直到2013年起,在腾讯和三大唱片公司的推动下,中国才开始“特殊”了一回,并引发了后续和阿里音乐、百度音乐、网易云音乐等的版权之争。而后至2015年7月9日,国家版权局发布的“史上最严版权令”《关于责令网络音乐服务商停止未经授权传播音乐作品的通知》在让中国音乐产业迎来春天的同属,更直接推动独家版权的垄断进程。

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