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盘点十大开国元帅的长征路:谁曾遭到枪毙威胁

2016-11-29 14:41:33   

在贺龙的这支队伍中,除了红军指战员以外,还有两个特殊的“客人”。一个是被俘的国民党军中将军长张振汉,一个是英国来的传教士薄复礼。他们都和红军一起体尝了长征的滋味,并在后来被释放。薄复礼在其回忆录中,对红军表达了颇多好感,还提到他曾用祖父教的技术为贺龙的女儿织了一件小毛衣。

1936年7月5日,按照中革军委电令,红二、红六军团组成中国工农红军第二方面军,贺龙就任总指挥。

有意思的是,贺龙所部红二军团的一个团,在长征到理塘的时候一度走错了路,渡过独龙江到达了中缅边界,还曾过境与英缅军有过交往。由于红军纪律严明,对方客气地为红军提供了粮食,并写了一封书信送回。但由于这个团的红军无人认识英文,直到书信到了军团政治部主任甘泗琪手中,才知道他们居然走出了国。

陈毅是十大元帅中唯一没有跟随主力长征的。他的腿在第五次反“围剿”中负了重伤,无法跟随大部队行动。因此,主力红军从江西出发的时候,他被留下担任中央苏区苏维埃政府办事处主任,和项英一起坚持苏区的抵抗。

中央苏区在主力远离的情况下仍然顽强地抵抗了3个月,直到1934年12月,才全部沦陷。陈毅等砸毁电台,率残部向深山突围,其间很多重要的领导人,如何叔衡、刘伯坚、毛泽覃、贺昌等先后牺牲。

退守到五岭山脉的油山、梅岭等地后,陈毅带领部下坚持游击战争,一直持续了3年之久。直到1937年8月国共组成抗日民族统一战线,陈毅和他的部下才从山中的根据地走出。根据双方协议,南方八省的红色武装改编成新四军投入抗日战争。

陈毅在红军时代没有到过陕北。他是在1942年从苏北根据地前往延安参加整风运动,才到达陕北的,是十大元帅中最晚到达陕甘宁边区的一位。

值得一提的是,长征中的红军是通过报纸了解到陕北根据地的存在,而陈毅等人,也是通过缴获的国民党报纸,才得知中央红军长征中的踪迹的。这些消息,显然坚定了他们继续抵抗的决心。

罗荣桓在长征开始的时候,担任红八军团政治部主任。1934年10月,红八军团从兴国出发。从路线上来看,罗荣桓的长征路也是标准的长征路线,只是这个过程中,这支部队打得更为惨烈。

湘江之役后,红八军团仅存1000余人,不久便取消了番号。之所以会这样,主要原因是这个军团过于年轻,是长征开始前不到1个月,即1934年9月才组建的。大多数新兵几乎未经训练便投入战场,全军的武器也十分紧缺,仅有步枪不足3000支。政委刘少奇将马提供给军团宣传部长莫文骅,自己便不得不改乘骡子。但就是这样一支武器、经验均缺乏的部队却在突破四道封锁线的战斗中打得英勇顽强,剩余部队编入五军团后也保持了较强的战斗力,这说明罗荣桓等指挥员在工作中发挥了巨大作用。

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