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盘点十大开国元帅的长征路:谁曾遭到枪毙威胁

2016-11-29 14:41:33   

此后,罗荣桓先后任红三、红五军团政治部主任,又曾担任第一方面军政治部副主任、军委政治巡视员等职务。期间,他充分显示了出色的政治工作才能,特别是在过草地的艰难时刻,他的政治鼓动和以身作则的作风有效地鼓舞了部队走出困境,被毛泽东等许多中央领导同志视为红军政治工作的优秀典范。

红十团二营营长陈海涵有一段回忆,罗荣桓在随部队行军时总是走在最前,吃在最后,一天有个班长忽然拦住他,说:“罗主任,我们一起从江西走到这里,已经是一家人了……今天我们对你有一个要求,你无论如何都要答应。”罗荣桓以为是战士有什么困难,便答应了,结果那个班长立刻端出一盆煮好的野菜来,说:“也没有别的要求,就是想请你吃一点东西,这是我们专门给你留下的。”由此可见,罗荣桓在长征中深受官兵爱戴。

1935年10月,罗荣桓和红一方面军改编的工农红军陕甘支队一起到达陕北吴起镇,当时的职务是第一纵队政治部副主任。

徐向前所走过的长征路是这样的:先南下迎接中央红军,而后共同北进,中途由于张国焘的干扰再次南下,失败后会合红二、红六军团,最终北上陕甘宁。这条复杂的路线,便是红四方面军将士典型的长征之路。

在长征前的鄂豫皖、川陕的多次战役中,徐向前都表现出了出色的军事才能,说国民党军畏其如虎绝非夸张。1934年4月,他指挥红四方面军发动嘉陵江战役突破川军封锁,控制了东起嘉陵江、西至川北、南起梓潼、北抵川甘边界,纵横三百里的广大地区,为迎接红一方面军做好了准备。而长征中,他又通过包座之战等一连串杰作续写了这段历史。

不过,在长征中最为难能可贵的还是当张国焘试图分裂红军时,徐向前的那一句“哪有红军打红军的道理”。这句话,阻止了事态的进一步恶化,也反映了他沉稳的政治觉悟。此后,徐向前元帅坚决和朱德、刘伯承、贺龙等站在一起,反对张国焘的错误路线,促成了红四方面军的全军北上。

其实,尽管徐向前出自第四方面军,但张国焘从来不信任这位“百战将星”,曾经为了将其打成“改组派”暗中逮捕了他的妻子程训宣,甚至在逼供无果的情况下将其杀害。

1936年10月,徐向前到达陕甘宁根据地,当时职务仍然是四方面军总指挥。

聂荣臻走过的,也是红一方面军标准的长征路线。

有趣的是,聂荣臻在长征中是名政治干部,却在许多恶战中体现出了出色的军事指挥才能。突破四道封锁线的时候,他提出谨慎用兵,建议抢先占领军事要点九峰山,甚至不惜为此与军团长林彪发生冲突。事实证明,如不是先占此地,红军中央纵队可能遭到重大损失。而在奇袭腊子口的整个战斗中,聂荣臻都在距敌200米左右的古栈道旁指挥作战。敌人扔下来的手榴弹碎片,竟在其前方堆积达半米厚!这些辉煌战绩,显然为其在抗日战争和解放战争中承担独当一面的军事指挥奠定了基础。

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