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孙中山没指定接班人 谁把蒋介石推上权力高峰

2016-09-06 11:10:48   人民网

于是孙中山委任给蒋介石的,多为参谋长、参军一类不掌握实际权力的职务。蒋先后担任过居正的参谋长,孙中山总统府参军,陈炯明的作战科主任,许崇智的参谋长,孙中山大元帅行营参谋长。

最先欣赏蒋介石的倒是陈炯明。他发现此人的才能绝非限于参谋方面。蒋介石在陈部干了一段作战科主任,要辞职,陈炯明竭力挽留,向蒋表示“粤军可百败而不可无兄一人”。

陈炯明说对了。最后他果真败于蒋介石之手。

蒋介石与陈炯明关系不错。1922年4月,陈炯明准备叛变, 向孙中山辞粤军总司令和广东省长之职。孙中山照准。蒋介石不知陈意,还想找孙中山为陈说情。不成,便也辞职。在回沪船上还给陈炯明写信:“中正与吾公共同患难, 已非一日,千里咫尺,声气相通”。

但陈炯明一叛变,蒋立即抛弃与陈的友谊,站到孙中山一边。

孙中山正是因为陈炯明的叛变,第一次对蒋介石留下了深刻印象。他后来在《孙大总统广州蒙难记》序言中写道:“介石赴难来粤入舰,日侍余侧,而筹策多中, 乐与余及海军将士共生死。”

孙中山对蒋介石的性格及处事方式,却甚感头痛。

蒋介石脾气暴躁,经常与周围人关系紧张;动辄辞职不干,未获批准也拂袖而去,谁去电报也召他不回。

1922年10月,孙中山任蒋为许崇智的参谋长。仅月余,蒋便以“军事无进展”为由离职归家,孙中山派廖仲恺持其手谕都无法挽留。

1923年6月,孙中山命蒋为大元帅行营参谋长。蒋到任不满一月, 又以不受“倾轧之祸”为由,辞职返回溪口。

1924年初,孙中山委派蒋为黄埔军校筹备委员长;刚一个月,蒋就以“经费无着落”为由辞筹备委员长之职。9月,再辞军校校长之职。

自1918年7月辞陈炯明部作战科主任,至1924年9月辞黄埔军校校长,6年时间中,蒋介石先后辞而复职竟达14次之多。

孙中山容忍了蒋介石历次辞职,独对辞黄埔军校之职不能忍受。创办军校建立革命武装,是马林1921年向孙中山建议的。1923年《孙文越飞宣言》签署后,越飞又表示苏俄将提供款项、武器和教练人员,帮助建立军校。孙中山革命奋斗几十年,吃尽了无自己武装的亏,梦寐以求想建立这一武装。直至晚年刚有实现的可能,蒋介石又动辄撂挑子不干,确实大伤了孙中山的心。他对蒋介石深感失望。

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