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胡宗南闪击“攻克延安”:安排演好戏糊弄蒋介石

2016-12-21 15:11:46   

大革命时期,湖南发生了“郭亮带兵抓郭亮”的故事,共产党员郭亮带着敌人抓郭亮,把一帮蠢宝忽悠了;解放战争中,延安出了“国军俘虏国军”的特大新闻,把蒋委员长忽悠了。

1947年春,胡宗南闪击延安,占领了一座空城(中共获悉情报已提前转移)。借此机会,胡搞了个“面子工程”,大吹特吹“攻克延安”的伟大胜利。3月20日,《中央日报》头版头条报道:“国军收复延安,生俘共军一万余人。”本是自欺欺人,蒋介石却信以为真,发电祝贺并安排中外记者到延安参观。胡宗南一下子慌了手脚,去哪儿弄“一万共军俘虏”和缴获的武器弹药呢?胡急中生智,在延安周围设10座战俘营,抓来500个村民,再从国军中挑出1500多人。战绩陈列室空空如也,就把国军一个团的武器“缴械”运来。为显示众多共军被击毙,还造了假坟,立了碑。

不久,中外媒体记者来延安采访。一伙国军在市郊往旧坟堆上扬新土,记者用脚一踢就露出了旧坟。记者去战俘营,看到“俘虏”们相互捅捅戳戳在说笑话。一转身工夫,记者采访过的“俘虏”又在别处出现了。记者问:“方才见过面,怎么又到这里来了?”“俘虏”说:“我们是坐大卡车过来的……”“你到底是什么人?”“我是国军。”“你不是共军俘虏么?”“那不怪我,长官叫我当什么兵我就当什么兵。”在陈列室里,记者看到缴获的武器是美式新机枪、冲锋枪、中正式步枪,便问:“这是共军使用的枪械吗?”讲解员被问住了,半晌才说:“原是国军的枪,被共军缴了,这次又被国军缴了械。”(《名家讲坛》2011年第6期)

胡宗南无中生有,虚报战绩,弄出许多笑话。可在当时的形势下,把占领延安渲染为一场“伟大胜利”,既是顺水推舟,又是不得已而为之。

解放战争伊始,国军在各个战场“势如破竹”、“捷报频传”,山东共军“抱头鼠窜”,东北共军“节节败退”。国军打了胜仗是胜仗,打了败仗也是胜仗,全看怎么报。会打的不如会报的,会报的不如会吹的,吹得越大得到的赏赐越多。在这样的氛围中,也难怪胡宗南会把“赶走”说成“攻克”,把“小”胜吹成“大胜”。

与战场上类似,当时的国民政府官员同样假话连篇,造假成风。抗战胜利后,国民党大员接收“逆产”,表面上冠冕堂皇,为民办事,实质上借机大发横财,霸占洋房别墅。可向上报告的却是如何解决接收难题,如何为老百姓办实事。更重要的是,蒋介石头脑发热,扬言“三个月消灭共产党”,给各部队制订了可望而不可及的高指标。“上有所好,下必甚焉”,于是国民党各部队开展了造假竞赛,何应钦、陈诚等都成了编报假战绩的高手,胡宗南只是其中的一个代表。

相反,“共军”绝不浮夸虚报,是胜仗就报胜仗,是败仗就报败仗,统计上报的战果经得起实践检验。在孟良崮战役结束清点战果时,粟裕副司令员发现,各纵队上报的击毙、俘虏的人数加起来只有2.3万人,而被围歼的敌整编74师有3万余人。粟裕下令逐个山头搜索残敌,结果在一个大山沟里发现了剩下的7000多人,终将国军“王牌中的王牌”悉数全歼。

都说“吹牛不上税”,那是就个体而言。从整体、从长远看,吹牛终究要“上税”的。“喝凉水,花赃钱,早晚是病”,吹牛者总有倒霉之时。430万装备精良的国军惨败于“小米加步枪”的130万共军,原因很多,说假话、打假仗、报假战绩,吹牛成风、吹牛上瘾、吹牛竞赛是重要原因之一。最终牛皮吹破了,把残花败柳吹到台湾岛上去了。

实事求是是党的思想路线,也是军队克敌制胜的法宝。一个政党、一支军队,如果自己忽悠自己,自己麻醉自己,自己演戏自己喝彩,其结局肯定是悲剧。

(作者系军旅作家)

原载于《同舟共进》2012年第2期,转载请注明出处

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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