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A股暂难全面“走牛”

2017-09-06 10:41:52   中国经济网

8月国内制造业PMI指数51.7为2011年以来的历史同期新高,并好于市场一致预期的51.3,较前一月回升0.3个百分点。分项数据中,生产指数54.1,较上月大幅回升0.6个百分点,是PMI总指数实现修复的主要贡献项。同时,8月采购量指数较上月回升0.2个百分点至52.9,连续第3个月实现修复。这表明7月宏观经济数据的整体回落大概率受到天气等非经济因素的扰动。随着未来更多经济数据的公布,投资者对经济预期或持续修复。此外,中观层面,三季度周期行业业绩持续超预期,叠加近期环保与去产能的政策持续推进将助力行业在未来一个阶段维持高景气。因此,整体上,我们认为A股将继续维持强势状态。

虽然市场维持强势运行,但A股整体走牛的条件尚不具备,内部结构性机会仍将大于指数上升的空间。2017年中报,A股业绩增速相比于一季度小幅回落,全部A股业绩同比增速下降3.73个百分点至18.01%。其中,非金融板块业绩增速下降17.15个百分点至38.04%,金融板块业绩增速继续小幅回升0.83个百分点至4.87%。A股业绩增速的回落暂不支撑市场全面“走牛”。

从风格与板块观察,内部分化较为明显。中小板2017年一季报及中报业绩增速分别为34.9%与29.8%,创业板同比增速下滑趋势更为显著。由于利润占比较高的温氏股份利润同比发生显著下行,导致创业板2017年一季报及中报业绩增速呈现出明显落差,分别为10.8%与5.3%。剔除温氏股份后,创业板2017年一季报及中报业绩增速分别为25.9%与24.2%,仍呈明显回落。分板块来看,上游周期行业中报业绩高增趋势延续,中下游业绩增速有所下滑。营收方面,上、中、下游中报营收同比增速均有所下滑。在供给侧改革作用下,上游资源品价格出现快速上涨。随着上游资源品价格的快速回升,上游企业利润出现回升,推动上游企业生产走旺,但价格上下游传导不畅,上游涨价对下游形成挤压。今年中报,由于部分低基数原因,上游盈利同比增速达1414.9%,较一季度持续大幅提升。中下游中报业绩同比增速分别较一季度下滑25个百分点及4.0个百分点,至31.0%及16.8%。

资金面状况也不支持当前市场形成牛市。9月,同业存单到期规模创历史新高,当前超额准备金率仍处于历史低位,外汇占款短期或难对流动性形成明显支撑。季末MPA考核影响或逐步显现,我们认为,与前两个季度末相比,对9月流动性环境不宜过于担忧,但也不可盲目乐观。猪肉价格的回升对拉低CPI作用将趋弱,四季度CPI中枢将大概率上移。未来一个阶段货币投放或将继续“削峰填谷”,整体资金面维持紧平衡。

整体而言,在宏观经济保持稳中向好的大环境下,A股将继续保持强势格局。由于行业与板块间存在差异,市场整体走牛的概率不大,内部结构性机会料将大于指数整体上行的机会。

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