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沪深交易所:借鉴国际经验 强化一线监管职责

2017-08-29 09:12:21   中国经济网

为加强交流合作,充分借鉴国际经验,近日,沪深证券交易所联合举办“证券交易所一线监管国际研讨会”,邀请有代表性的9家境外交易所参加,深入探讨交流交易一线监管的经验与做法。会上,中国证监会主席刘士余明确阐述了交易所充分发挥一线监管职能的必要性、重要性和可行性,指出交易所绝不是单纯的交易平台,必须是强大的监管者,沪深交易所要进一步强化一线监管,切实维护市场秩序,更好地保护广大投资者利益。

天然具有监管职能

近年来,交易所在一线监管中扮演什么角色、承担何种责任,一直为市场所关注。从国际上看,交易所天然具有监管的职能,并普遍为法律所确认。国际证监会组织(IOSCO)认为,交易所在监管方面可以做很多事,包括对会员的监管、对产品的监管、对交易的监管等。

从与会交易所的监管实践看,尽管部分交易所实行了公司化改制并上市,监管职能进行了必要剥离,但交易所一线监管的职责不仅没有削弱,而且随着金融市场的发展和演变得到持续强化。各家交易所在一线监管方面进行了不少探索与实践,积累了各有特色的监管经验。

具体来看,纳斯达克在科技化监管方面,充分发挥现代信息技术作用,使用智能化市场监察系统,实现实时交易和盘后交易的监控和预警。韩国交易所在防范题材股炒作方面,围绕舆情监控与风险预警,加大风险提示力度,强化交易“冷却”机制,制定了针对性的管控措施,切实防范股价异常波动,保护中小投资者利益。新加坡交易所监管公司在强化客户交易行为管理方面,积极与会员沟通监管措施与标准,通过编制《交易监管手册》、《会员监管面板》,加强会员异常交易行为监管第一道防线功能。孟买交易所在充分发挥会员前端监管作用方面,指导会员建设监控系统,要求会员对客户进行事前了解、事中监控、事后分析,做到提前介入,力图将异常交易行为阻止于萌芽状态。

强化市场一线监管

相对而言,沪深交易所起步相对较晚,但发展速度很快,呈现出市场规模大、交易活跃度高、市场波动较大、以中小投资者为主等特点。为此,在一线监管方面,沪深交易所立足国内市场特点,通过多年努力探索,形成了具有中国特色的管理制度、治理结构和监管理念。例如,交易所性质上是不以营利为目的的会员制事业法人机构,在获得法律授权、监管资源使用、大数据应用共享等方面具有一定优势,在维护金融稳定方面也承担着重要职责。

同时,我国证券市场实行账户实名制管理,交易所可以穿透证券公司,直接掌握投资者身份、交易及持股信息,从而更加直观高效地判断交易的异常程度,履行一线监管职能具有较好的基础条件。但是,2015年股市异常波动表明,交易所一线监管在系统性风险监测、会员客户交易管理职责发挥、交易监管信息数据整合等方面存在薄弱环节,必须充分借鉴国际经验,进一步提高监管能力和增强监管实效。

相关负责人指出,当前,我国资本市场面临的新情况与新挑战日趋增多,对交易所一线监管提出了更高要求。下一步,沪深交易所将按照中国证监会统一部署,持续深化依法全面从严监管,强化市场一线监管和风险防范,建立健全“以监管会员为中心”的交易监管模式,督促会员主动承担客户交易管理职责,在信息共享、市场监管、服务投融资等方面加强与境外交易所的交流协作,全面提升交易一线监管效能,切实维护市场交易秩序和稳健运行,为促进资本市场健康稳

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