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耶伦和德拉吉双双发声 放松全球金融监管不可取

2017-08-29 09:07:43   中国经济网

美联储主席耶伦和欧洲央行行长德拉吉双双发声,力挺国际金融危机后的金融监管举措,这不仅是对时下主张放松金融监管的特朗普政府敲响警钟,更是提示全球放松金融监管的阶段还未到来。

为期3天的全球央行行长年会日前在美国怀俄明州杰克森霍尔闭幕,全球关注的两位金融界重要人物——美联储主席耶伦和欧洲央行行长德拉吉双双发声,力挺国际金融危机后的金融监管举措,这不仅是对时下主张放松金融监管的特朗普政府敲响警钟,更是提示全球放松金融监管的阶段还未到来。

参加今年全球央行行长年会的还有日本央行行长黑田东彦、英国央行负责货币政策的副行长布罗德本特、德国央行行长魏德曼、瑞士央行行长乔丹,以及部分亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲国家央行行长、货币机构主席等,但与会者和媒体最关注的还是耶伦、德拉吉的讲话。

耶伦演讲的主题是“让全球经济更有活力”。她指出,美国现在的金融系统比2008年经济衰退之前更加安全,主要原因是严格的金融管理条例发挥了重要作用,她认为美国政府可以对金融管理条例作出一些调整,但不是全部废除。只有这样,美国经济才会在平稳发展的情况下更具活力。耶伦的演讲紧扣“金融稳定”这一主题。她指出,美国在国际金融危机后出台的监管举措强化了金融系统,使借贷活动与经济在最近几年同步增长。美国金融系统因此更加稳健,企业债券市场的流动性总体呈现出健康态势。但是,耶伦没有对美国经济作出展望,也未谈及货币政策。

耶伦在积极肯定国际金融危机后出台监管措施的同时也指出,管理过严会遏制贷款的发放,降低人们承受风险的意愿,这将不利于经济增长。她希望人们牢记上次危机的教训,相信美国当前的金融系统和经济状况可以确保遭遇更少的危机,而且复苏能力更强。

对于德拉吉的演讲,当地媒体评论称,他在此次会议上用了两倍于耶伦演讲的时间,积极响应了耶伦继续重视金融监管的看法。德拉吉表示,鉴于各国央行仍以宽松的货币政策支持经济,目前是放松监管的一个特殊危险时期。在全球货币政策显著扩张之时,监管方应该警惕曾引爆危机的火苗重燃。德拉吉认为,监管趋同能帮助人们避免开放带来的风险。这能保证一段时间以后不会陷入保护主义的泥沼。在谈到2008年至2009年的国际金融危机时,德拉吉表示,此前的金融危机刚刚让我们领略到监管不力引发的金融风险。

耶伦和德拉吉就金融监管问题的发言,显然是在针对特朗普政府的金融政策。特朗普的团队主张废除复杂的《多德—弗兰克华尔街改革和消费者保护法案》。多年来,华尔街一直希望政府撤销这些法规或是予以放宽。最新消息显示,目前白宫多个部门正在评估2010年颁布的《多德—弗兰克法》,这项法案旨在限制银行自营交易(又称沃尔克法则)。据报道,美国财政部此前表示,现在是时候确定哪些领域存在监管过度的情况了。尽管目前涉及华尔街的金融监管规则还没有作出重大调整,但从美国政府传出的信号显示,为取消金融监管的前期准备工作正在积极运作中。有鉴于此,此间分析认为,今年央行年会对全球金融监管的担忧可能将是下一步影响金融系统稳健、全球经济是否能够保持活力的关键。(原文来源:经济日报 作者:朱 旌)

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