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融资成本上升 非银机构或主动降杠杆

2017-08-25 08:38:24   新华网

8月份流动性持续偏紧,银行与非银金融机构之间谁家“蓄水不足”也开始显现。最近一周,代表银行等存款类机构的质押式回购利率DR007与代表全市场机构的加权平均回购利率R007之间的利差不断走阔,上交所质押式国债回购利率中枢上行。种种迹象表明,当前流动性压力或主要来自非银金融机构。

在流动性失衡格局下,资金面趋紧倒逼非银机构开始控制杠杆水平,舒缓资金压力。业内人士预期,非银机构在6月、7月份小幅回升的杠杆有望在8月份重新趋稳。

  结构性失衡:非银机构融资成本上升

8月中旬以来,缴税因素触发资金面“旱情”,在超储率整体偏低的情况下,流动性趋于紧张。金融机构每日拆借资金都是一场焦灼的拉锯战,对于隔夜和跨月资金尤为“饥渴”。8月14日以来,上海银行间同业拆放利率(Shibor)隔夜利率上行7.36个基点,昨日报于2.8479%。DR007加权利率升至2.9245%,达到月内高位。

与此同时,央行公开市场操作十分淡定,本周以来更是连续净回笼,并不急于为市场“解渴”。若仅按逆回购口径统计,本周至今央行累计净回笼2000亿元,而上周为净投放1100亿元。

有券商交易员表示,现在非银金融机构愿意以高价平头寸,融资成本较之前已大幅提高。

近期利率走势也显示出非银金融机构流动性明显承压。上证报记者通过Wind统计,DR007和R007逐步背离,从8月初的30个基点左右扩大至当前约90个基点,8月17日一度达到113个基点左右。

中信证券固定收益首席分析师明明称,R007的波动性提高,短期内与DR007严重分离,且近期以来R007与DR007分离和修复的时间越来越长。这一分化现象说明非银机构和银行内部流动性水平并不均衡,后者的流动性水平要高于前者。

此外,近期上交所质押式国债回购价格中枢也较8月上旬有所抬升,非银机构融资需求相较之前更为紧迫。GC001收盘利率在17日达到5.325%的阶段性高位,并连续保持在4%以上,昨日回落至3.985%。

“DR007与R007的利差走阔,以及GC001价格上扬,体现了非银资金融资成本提高。”明明告诉记者,非银资金趋紧会导致融资成本提高,但融资成本提高却不一定是由于资金趋紧,有可能是由于供需两旺等因素,具体仍有待进一步观察。

  应对流动性压力:非银机构或主动控杠杆

业内人士认为,资金面的结构性失衡或来源于前期非银机构的杠杆上行。从债市场内杠杆来看,非银机构的杠杆水平在6月、7月份有明显上涨,而银行杠杆普遍保持稳定甚至小幅下降。

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