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融资成本下降 期债受到支撑

2017-08-24 09:51:30   中国经济网

受利率水平不断上升的影响,国债期货近期呈现振荡下跌走势。后市来看,利率上升阻碍了市场发债进行,这将促使后期央行的货币政策趋于宽松,国债期货将会因此获益。

图为M2同比增速(单位:%)

中国人民银行公布的数据显示,7月国内M2的存量为1628996.63亿元,同比增速为9.2%,为1985年有统计以来的最低值。不仅如此,7月M2存量较6月下降2285.9亿元,为近四个月第二次环比下降,这种现象极为罕见。与此同时,7月国内社会融资规模达到12200亿元,全年都保持着较高的水平。这说明目前银行的负债规模在不断下降,借贷规模在不断上升。造成这种现象的主要原因是目前投资理财方式的增多,分流了以往银行的存款资金,社会上的资金大量进入理财产品、支付宝等投资领域。在这种趋势下,银行的可贷资金将会逐渐下降,这会支持市场的利率水平上升,从而压制国债价格。

上半年,国内的债券发行进度严重滞后。由于利率水平不断上升,在融资成本升高的作用下,很多地方债和企业债发行推迟,大量的债券将会集中在下半年发行。7月国内发行的各类债券总额达到3.9万亿,6月的债券发行总额仅为3.7万亿左右。后期,随着债券发行压力的不断增大,融资成本过高会增加发债方的负担。因此,央行大概率会通过公开市场业务压低利率水平。

债券发行量上升对于国债的影响因素相对复杂。一方面,发行量增加了债券的市场供给,压制国债的价格;另一方面,为了降低债券发行成本,央行大概率执行宽松的货币政策,这对于国债起到了支撑作用。我们认为,降低融资成本在短期内对于国债会形成支撑,国债发行量的上升在中长期对国债的价格形成压制。上周,央行在公开市场业务方面,向市场投放了2000多亿元的流动性,向市场传达出了宽松的信号。本周,央行共有7500亿元的逆回购到期,规模并不大。从货币需求的角度来看,月度的缴税日已经截止,缴税对于流动性的需求已经结束。银行8月下旬的缴准在本周五也将结束,缴准的压力也较小。虽然月末存在的流动性需求,但是较季末的需求较少。因此,市场对于流动性的整体需求不高。月底的流动性略显宽松,融资水平或将下降。

除此之外,外汇市场和避险需求也对国债产生了一定的影响。人民币兑美元汇率呈现持续升值的态势,这对于国债产生了支撑作用。从目前的情况来看,由于通胀水平下滑,市场对于美联储9月加息的预期不断降温,人民币有望延续近期的强势表现。此外,近期美朝关系紧张,市场对于地缘政治引发系统性风险的担忧情绪加剧,对固收类资产的需求也相应上升。

虽然M2下降对于国债形成了压制,但为了降低发债成本,央行后期加大流动性投放的概率较大。由于近期市场对于流动性的需求有所下降,相关政策的效果将会比较明显。基于这个判断,后期融资水平下降的概率较大,短期国债有望小幅反弹。

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