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解疑库尔德公投:对峙,在公投前夕日趋严重

2017-09-25 07:21:55   新华网

伊拉克库尔德自治区(库区)拟于25日就独立举行公投。随着日期临近,伊中央政府和库区围绕公投合法性和基尔库克等争议地区的对立日趋严重。此外,库区还面临土耳其、伊朗和美国等方面的巨大压力,公投能否顺利举行仍存变数。

  【“争议地区”对立严重】

根据库区方面公布的计划,举行公投的地区将包括目前由库尔德人控制但与中央政府存在管辖权争议的地区。

伊拉克境内的库尔德人于上世纪70年代获得自治权,但直到海湾战争后才在埃尔比勒、苏莱曼尼亚和杜胡克三省建立自治区。

2003年伊拉克战争期间,库区武装占领原属中央政府管辖的基尔库克等多个省份的大片地区。战后,伊中央政府无力进入库尔德人控制区,“争议地区”问题随即产生。

由于涉及土地归属,“争议地区”问题极为敏感,解决难度很大,是伊中央政府和库区间最主要的分歧之一。随着公投日期临近,双方在“争议地区”问题上的对立日趋严重。

9月14日,伊国民议会宣布罢免支持公投的基尔库克省省长纳杰姆丁·卡里姆。库区主席巴尔扎尼回应说:“罢免卡里姆终结了(库区)和巴格达的伙伴关系……国民议会的决议切断了谈判道路。”

同时,在部分“争议地区”,一些不太受中央政府约束的阿拉伯民兵同库尔德武装共同存在,引发外界对公投可能导致冲突的担忧。库区官员此前称,不会成为挑衅方,但受到攻击时定会反击。总理阿巴迪则表示,若公投导致伊拉克民众受到法律外的武力威胁,中央政府会“军事介入”。

9月18日,在基尔库克市,反对公投的“土库曼阵线”下属武装同支持公投的库尔德青年发生冲突,造成1死3伤,公投前的紧张氛围进一步提升。由库区控制的基尔库克市警察随后宣布在当地实施宵禁。

  【能否顺利举行?】

库尔德人是中东地区仅次于阿拉伯、突厥和波斯民族的第四大民族,是西亚最古老的民族之一,总人口约3500万,主要分布在土耳其东南部、伊朗西北部、伊拉克北部和叙利亚东北部。

伊拉克库区独立公投牵动多方的神经,土耳其、伊朗等国担心伊库尔德人谋求独立的举措可能在本国产生连锁反应,为本国境内的库尔德人带来示范效应,危及其国家安全和领土完整。

9月15日,库区议会批准举行公投后,土耳其和伊朗均作出强烈反应。土耳其总统埃尔多安19日警告称,若库区坚持举行公投,将对库区实施制裁。18日,土耳其军队在土伊两国边境地区举行演习,震慑库区意味明显。伊朗官员近日则表示,伊拉克库区公投损害地区人民利益,若库区坚持,伊朗将考虑关闭与之相邻的边境。

此外,美国、欧盟和联合国方面均表示希望库区推迟公投。

面对重重压力,库区主席巴尔扎尼的立场稍有软化,表示愿以替代方案换取推迟公投,但截至发稿,库区仍未收到相关的替代方案。有报道称,斡旋还在进行,关于公投的博弈在持续。(程帅朋 魏玉栋)(新华社专特稿)

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