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伊拉克库尔德自治区批准独立公投 土耳其等国强烈反对

2017-09-17 14:26:36   央广网

央广网北京9月17日消息 据中国之声《全球华语广播网》报道,饱受战火的伊拉克,正在经历一次国家版图可能分裂的考验。伊拉克的库尔德自治区议会正式批准,即将就独立问题举行公投。

据中国国际广播电台驻中东记者赵远方报道,伊拉克库尔德自治区议会15日召开会议,正式批准于9月25日就库尔区独立问题举行公投。根据计划举行公投的地区不限于库尔德自治区管辖的埃尔比勒、苏莱曼尼亚和杜胡克三省,还有目前有库尔德人控制但与伊拉克中央政府存在管辖权争议的地区,包括基尔库克、迪亚拉和萨拉赫丁等多个省份,其中基尔库克省议会同意该省参加库区公投,而迪亚拉省和萨拉赫丁省议会则禁止两省行政范围内的争议地区参加公投。库尔德人自一战之后,就谋求独立建国,但均以失败告终。当前随着极端组织伊斯兰国的败退,伊拉克北部以及叙利亚东北部出现了巨大的权力真空,而库尔德人武装在打击伊斯兰国组织的战斗中,得到美国的军事援助,势力不断壮大,很多库尔德人认为目前正是走向独立建国的最好时机。而独立公投正是其中的关键一步,既可以通过民意向各国施加压力,又可以根据各国的反映来决定下一步的行动。

库尔德人是地跨土耳其、伊拉克、伊朗和叙利亚四国的伊斯兰逊尼派民族,一直谋求从各国中独立出来合并建国。库尔德吟游诗人们一代代撰写着与独立梦想有关的诗歌,藏匿在群山中的库尔德游击队员为此不懈战斗了数十年。但直到1991年之后,占人口总数约18%的库尔德人才一步步地接近着他们的目标。

用中东问题专家、宁夏大学中国阿拉伯研究院院长李绍先的话说:建国,是库尔德人持续了一个世纪的梦想,他们为此在抓住每一个机会,“第一步是1991年美国打响了海湾战争,在伊拉克的北部设立军事禁区,这实际上保护了伊拉克的库尔德人,他们形成了自己的自治区;第二步是2003年伊拉克战争,萨达姆推翻以后,伊拉克的库尔德自治区正式公开,向一个国家的形态发展;第三步是2014年6月10日伊斯兰国突然占领了摩苏尔,伊拉克库尔德自治区的武装借着抗击伊斯兰国保住了自己的边界,并且趁机扩大自己的地盘。他们完成了这三步走之后,去年10月份,伊拉克中央政府在美国支持下宣布要收复摩苏尔,库尔德自治区就以不参与进攻、收复摩苏尔战役为交换条件,他们放出了公投的风。今年6月份,当摩苏尔收复在望的时候,他们就公开宣布要在9月25日进行公投。”

中国国际广播电台记者赵远方介绍,不仅伊拉克中央政府,周围的邻国土耳其、伊朗和叙利亚都坚决的反对库尔德方面的公投计划,这些国家境内生活着大量库尔德人口,担心分裂主义的溢出效应会危及本国安全和领土完整,伊拉克国民议会12日通过决议,反对库区独立公投,要求总理阿巴迪采取一切措施,维护伊拉克统一,并同库区展开切实对话,以解决中央政府同库区间的问题,土耳其总统埃尔多安15日表示,反对任何危害伊拉克领土完整的行动,土耳其还警告称如果库区坚持举行公投,将会为此付出代价。伊朗此前也多次表示,反对公投,称会给地区带来灾难性的影响。美国也不支持公投,曾多次敦促库尔德人推迟公投计划,但均遭拒绝。15日晚库区议会批准举行公投后,白宫发表声明说举行公投是极具挑衅性、危害稳定的行为,美方呼吁库区取消公投,同伊拉克中央政府展开严肃持续的对话。

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