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社科院发布政府资产负债表 中国政府债务风险总体可控

2017-08-25 00:36:15   经济参考报

对外经贸大学惠园特聘教授陈汉文表示,编制政府资产负债表,相比起一个家庭、一个企业的“摸家底”来说无疑更加困难,同时也具有重大意义。我国政府资产远可以覆盖负债,金融风险可控的结论有力驳斥了“中国经济崩溃论”。此外,资产负债表编制本身,对于国家治理能力建设、治理体系现代化而言也有重要意义,决策需要强大的数据基础,离不开透明度和信息披露机制。

在债务风险方面,报告提示说,与2010至2012年比,地方政府债务、外债中的或有负债和准公共部门发行债券增长较多,分别增长约90%、80%和50%,累积的债务风险需要警惕。中国人民大学财政金融学院教授、院长助理贾俊雪表示,分析债务问题,除了债务和资产规模之外,还需要关注债务的期限结构,这往往是金融风险发生的重要原因。“所以还要看期限结构,也就是资产的流动性的问题,一旦出现了外债冲击,需要偿还大规模短期债务的时候,能不能瞬间筹措到资源变现。”

隐性债务风险的问题已经引发了我国高层的高度关注。8月23日的国务院常务会议部署推进央企深化改革降低杠杆工作强调,与地方合作的项目要严防增加地方政府隐性债务。财政部预算司副司长王克冰日前表示:“对隐性债务,我们一定要保持监督高压态势。省级政府要建立严格的查处问责机制。要发挥跨部门的联合监管的作用,形成全方位的监管合力。”

财政部副部长刘伟介绍,到去年末,全国地方政府债务余额15.32万亿元,加上纳入预算管理的中央政府债务余额12.01万亿元,全国政府债务余额27.33万亿元。按照国家统计局公布的GDP初步核算数74.41万亿元计算,政府债务的负债率是36.7%。这低于欧盟60%的警戒线,也低于主要市场经济国家和新兴市场国家水平。记者孙韶华实习生夏思宇

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