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逾900亿客户备付金“入表” 支付机构利息收入面临冲击

2017-08-24 07:12:24   中国经济网

每经实习记者 边万莉 每经编辑 姚祥云

近日,央行更新货币当局资产负债表,值得注意的是,在6、7月的数据统计中,新增加了“非金融机构存款”项目。表下注释显示,此项目为支付机构交存到人民银行的客户备付金存款。

数据显示,6、7月非金融机构存款分别为840.77亿元、901.40亿元。记者了解到,央行在今年年初曾通知要求,支付机构将客户备付金按照一定的比例交存至指定机构专用存款账户,该账户资金暂不计付利息。

“客户备付金实行集中存管后,对支付机构来说,减少了备付金利息收入,尤其是靠吃客户备付金利差来过日子的机构,受到的影响会更大一些,但这本来就不是一种正常行为”,中国人民大学重阳金融研究客座研究员董希淼在接受《每日经济新闻》记者采访时表示。

首次交存平均比例约为20%

近日,央行更新的货币当局资产负债表中,新增加了“非金融机构存款”项目。但这并非首次出现,在2008年以前,央行资产负债表一直存在这一项目,而在2008年,央行表示货币当局资产负债表增设报表项目“不计入储备货币的金融性公司存款”,删除原报表项目“非金融性公司存款”及其子项“活期存款”。

时隔9年之后,其含义已经发生了变化,现在的“非金融机构存款”为支付机构交存到人民银行的客户备付金存款,这也是支付机构备付金首次入表。据央行资产负债表显示,6、7月非金融机构存款分别为840.77亿元、901.40亿元。

客户备付金是指支付机构预收其客户的待付货币资金,不属于支付机构的自有财产,即消费者在进行交易消费时,资金会先存放在支付机构,等到是交易行为结束后,再由支付机构转给商户,交由支付机构存放的这笔资金就是客户备付金。客户备付金的所有权属于支付机构客户,但不同于客户本人的银行存款,不受《存款保险条例》保护,也不以客户本人名义存放在银行,在实行集中存管客户备付金之前,这部分资金是以支付机构的名义存放,由支付机构管理。

央行表示,客户备付金规模快速增长、存放分散,风险事件频发。一是存在被支付机构挪用的风险;二是一些支付机构违规占用客户备付金用于购买理财产品或其他高风险投资;三是支付机构通过在各商业银行开立的备付金账户办理跨行资金清算,超范围经营,变相行使央行或清算组织的跨行清算职能,甚至有支付机构借此便利为洗钱等犯罪活动提供通道,也增加了金融风险跨系统传导的隐患;四是客户备付金的分散存放,不利于支付机构统筹资金管理,存在流动性风险。

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