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我国首次分行业设央企负债率红线 要求切实降低企业负债

2017-08-24 18:11:04   央广网

央广网北京8月24日消息(记者高敏 实习记者杨静铭)昨天(23日)召开的国务院常务会议部署降低央企负债率工作,提出我国要多渠道降低企业债务,建立严格的分行业负债率警戒线管控制度,对高于警戒线的企业在年度经营业绩考核中增加资产负债率的权重,并严格把关主业投资、严控非主业投资、禁止安排推高负债率的投资项目。

目前,我国并没有对央企明文规定统一的负债率警戒线,但银行和证券公司会有不同的内部规定,对于银行来说,企业负债率超过70%就很难得到贷款,这也是一条“隐形警戒线”。财政部会计标准战略委员会委员张连起表示,目前,央企负债率整体偏高。

张连起说:“确实从去年以来提升得比较快,现在是百分之六十五点几,应该说是偏高了。必须要看到,在去产能之前有结构性的问题,但现在是总体上偏高,可能就会导致出现一些财务风险,乃至区域性的金融风险,甚至出现系统性的金融风险。主要是对银行的债务比较高,部分央企资金又不足,偿还的能力比较弱,应收款项较高,信用能力在下降。”

央企是国民经济的骨干,在国企改革中具有引领和示范作用。今年前7个月,央企利润总额由去年同期的同比下降3.7%,转为同比增长16.4%,资产负债率比年初下降0.2个百分点。要抓住央企效益转降回升的有利时机,把国企降杠杆作为“去杠杆”的重中之重,做好降低央企负债率工作。中国人民大学经济学院教授刘瑞认为,央企分布行业很广,对资金的需求不同,分行业设置负债率是实事求是的做法,有助于细化推进去杠杆。

刘瑞表示:“负债是它的外部资金需求,另外它自身还有自我资金,这两个比例每个行业都不一样。既有大的资本型企业,也有一般的劳动密集型企业,还有技术密集型企业,国企在降成本、去杠杆这个问题上,因行业而设置不同的警戒线是实事求是的,它把供给式结构改革往细节拓展,这是非常有必要的。”

央企分行业设置负债率,具体要怎么分呢?中国人民大学经济学院教授刘瑞坦言,每个行业都应该听取各行各业专家的意见,从一般的经济学来讲,企业有多少资金干多少事儿,如果资金不够再举债。举债多少通常取决于两个因素:一个是举债之后的时间期限,多长时间能还上这笔钱;第二个是回笼利润的高低,利润高,增长快,举债可以多一点。但从大体分类来看,比如像机场、道路等基础设施领域负债可以高一点,高风险的高技术行业,也应该特殊考虑。

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