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瞭望智库:狂热的楼市总有玩不下去的一天

2017-05-17 08:37:10   瞭望智库

虽然按照市场的理念,在利率市场化背景下,商业银行上调利率完全是市场行为,本无可厚非,更不能武断地说,首套房贷利率8.5折就是支持刚需,9折、基准利率就不是支持刚需,但是,通过提高房贷利率——特别是首套房贷利率,以挤压投资投机性购房,则有“将洗澡水与澡盆中的小孩一块倒掉”之嫌。

众所周知,差别化是我国房地产调控的精髓,也是避免房地产调控矫枉过正的矫正器。虽然不同房地产调控期赋予了差别化信贷政策不同的内容,但是,限制与鼓励始终是差别化硬币的两面。

首套房贷利率上升确实可以增大投资投机者的购房成本和风险,但同时也会增大刚需族的购房压力。而且,相比之下,刚需族所承受的压力要比投资投机者大得多。

一个简单的事实是,此轮房价上涨背景是资产荒、改善型需求爆发,以北京为例,统计显示,70%成交是改善性需求,可是,现在刚需却要为“抑制投资投机性购房”买单,可谓冤大头。

目前,我们对自住性购房的鼓励与支持主要体现在首付比例和贷款利率上。当这两大扶持措施与百姓渐行渐远的时候,我们还拿什么来鼓励与支持?如果连对自住性刚需购房的支持都被弱化了,那么差别化房贷政策何在?如果连自住性的刚需都受到伤害,我们的调控岂不是缘木求鱼?

相较之下,改善型购房者受到的伤害却较小,甚至可能从中受益。不少人认为改善型购房者受利率提高的冲击最大,是因为只看到了利率提高之后月供会增加。

这是一叶障目,因为如前所述,此轮房价上涨背景是资产荒、改善型需求爆发,存在泡沫。与此对应的是,3.17楼市新政叠加房贷利率提高之后,总价在800万-2000万元间的中高端楼盘开始下调,均价下调5%左右,一些房源下跌10%以上,个别甚至降价400万!

目前,北京居民购买二套房首付比例不低于60%,购买非普通自住房的首付款比例不低于80%。以购买一套900万的二套房为例。首付67%,贷款300万,采用等额本息还款方式20年还清。根据前文可知:

1.如果按照贷款基准利率,则月还款额19633元,累计总还款为471.2万元;

2.如果按照贷款利率上浮20%,则月还款额21286元,累计总还款为510.9万元。

相比利率提高前,购房者月供增加了1653元(其实可能还没那么多,因为此前二套房的贷款利率就比基准利率高10%),累计总还款额增加了39.7万元。但这是以静态的视角考量计算出来的结果。按照下跌5%的幅度计算,这套900万的房子,原价是947万!如果下跌了10%的话,则原价为1000万!考虑到加息之后,人们对房价上涨的预期改变,房价还有下跌的空间,改善型购房者其实是赚的!

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