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瞭望智库:狂热的楼市总有玩不下去的一天

2017-05-17 08:37:10   瞭望智库

对于小房换大房的购房者来说,由于刚需房价格坚挺,而改善型住房的价格却在下跌,其换房的价差大为缩小。可以部分、甚至全部抵消利率提高带来的还贷增加数。而且,当房价下行时,改善型购房者选择的余地也变得更大,可以更加从容。这一切,在房价单边放量上涨时是不可能实现的。

如果说此次房贷利率提高,打压了改善型需求,那只能说明这并非真正的改善型,且不是自住,而是投资或投机——此类购房需求对利率特别敏感(因为在加息周期中买房,不仅每月还贷压力变大了,而且房子还有下跌的极大风险),这也是此轮楼市调控中要重点打击的对象。

5

一旦下跌成为共识,房价就崩塌了

虽然房贷利率提高对购房者的负担不会造成太大的影响,但是,其带来的冲击却可能是巨大的。

楼市跟股市一样,其典型特征都是越涨越买,越跌越不买。

举个简单的例子,2015年楼市暴涨之际,我的一位朋友抱怨说,都怪那些疯狂买房的人炒高了房价,而事实上,我这位朋友自己也在此期间买了一套,因为他觉得还会涨……一个市场上有无数个像我朋友这样的人,必然就会推高房价,从而使得“涨”的预期最后真的实现了。

根据索罗斯的“反身理论”,即便是一个荒诞的故事,也会因为人们的集体认识偏差,而变成“真实”,直到最后因快速调整而结束。

楼市的“定向加息”就给出这么一个调整信号。2015年330以来的降息降准、降低首付……等都是支持的信号,此次则相反。

1986年-1991年日本房价大涨,但随着1991年日本央行加息,泡沫瞬间被刺破。我国的楼市不至于崩盘,但从历史经验来看,货币收紧是直接导致房地产周期性上涨结束的动因。

2007年暴涨的房价就是在连续加息后崩塌的;2011年初,首套房利率是基准至1.1倍之间,半年之后房价就出现了下跌……而根据链家研究院数据,自从“3.17新政”后,北京13个区中有8个区的房屋均价已下跌,因为业主对房价上涨的预期减弱,楼盘报价普遍下调,4月第二周,降价业主占比上升至66.9%,是自2016年以来的最高水平!

考虑到当前的国际大环境是加息和缩表,利率上行压力较大,房贷利率提升后,对楼市的冲击,会逐渐从量变到质变,使得人们的预期继续下行。跟上涨时的预期一样,一旦下跌成为大家的共识,也是一个不断自我强化的过程。

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