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摆不平的经济与环保?哈尔滨的治霾“游戏”

2016-12-26 08:01:34   

根据哈尔滨市制定的计划,启动重污染天气一级(红色)预警后,重点排污单位实施限产、停产等措施。而在哈尔滨公布的重污染天气梯次下限产、停产重点排污的42家企业中,国有企业所占比例颇高,中煤龙化哈尔滨煤化工有限公司、哈药集团制药总厂、中国石油天然气股份有限公司哈尔滨石化分公司、哈尔滨热电有限责任公司、黑龙江岁宝热电有限公司、哈尔滨哈投投资股份有限公司热电厂、哈尔滨市华能集中供热有限公司、中国华电集团哈尔滨发电有限公司等国有企业都赫然在列。

按照规定,当启动雾霾红色预警时,以上不少企业的日燃煤量需被压减40%,部分热电联产和供暖企业的日发电量要被削减40%。而启动蓝色预警时,企业日燃煤量则仅需被压减10%。

根据现有的哈尔滨市重污染天气应急预案,该市的“红色预警”很难被启动。只有预测空气质量指数大于300且将持续4天以上或大于500持续1天以上时,“红色预警”才会拉响,针对该市众多工业和热电供暖企业的最严格减产停产措施才会启动。

摆不平的经济与环保

长期以来,石油、煤炭等能源工业一直是黑龙江省经济的主要支撑。能源工业在GDP中占比曾达65%以上,占财政收入一半以上,经济结构出现严重“大头沉”失衡问题。

根据中国清洁空气联盟根据各省的环境状况公报,从2015年~2016年,黑龙江省万元GDP一次能源消耗量在全国省(区、市)均排名较高,该指标反映出地区创造每万元GDP在该地区所消费的一次能源数量,与大气污染排放之间具有一定的相关性。

经济压力与环保压力并存是东北地区环保部门工作人员的普遍感受。李滨堂告诉记者:“我们年初做了一个几十个亿的规划,送到哈尔滨市市长那里,他说我们一年财政收入才400个亿。”

据一位不愿具名的哈尔滨热企内部人士透露,要达到环保标准,企业安装脱硫设备的投资就能买半只锅炉,“你说它负担能不严重吗”?

针对11月这次东北地区持续出现的重污染天气过程,环境保护部于11月5日公布了重点污染源自动监控系统发现的东北地区大气污染物排放数据异常、涉嫌超标的企业名单。

据统计,2016年10月共有39家企业大气污染物排放数据异常、涉嫌超标,其中仅哈尔滨市就有4家企业超标,分别是哈尔滨市华能集中供热有限公司、哈药集团制药总厂、黑龙江岁宝热电有限公司和中煤龙化哈尔滨煤化工有限公司。

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