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疲弱!世界经济寻求增长动力

2016-12-23 16:55:45   

原标题:疲弱!世界经济寻求增长动力

“一带一路”上的重要港口连云港2016年前11个月完成货物吞吐量2亿吨。图为一艘大型远洋运输轮在装卸进出口货物。

人民视觉

12月5日,意大利总理伦齐辞职,引发全球市场动荡。东京股市下跌0.82%。

新华社发

  低速怪圈

  仍未打破

  在许多国家实施量宽和负利率政策下,全球经济依旧很脆弱

李向阳(中国社会科学院亚太战略研究院院长):世界经济今年继续呈现出低增长、低利率、低贸易和低均衡的态势。美日欧三大经济体的增速均低于上年度;俄罗斯、巴西等资源出口型新兴经济体继续负增长;亚洲新兴经济体仍是全球经济增速最快的区域,但也比上年度略有放慢。全球贸易增速低于经济增速的格局没有改变,预计全年只能维持1.7%的增速。

应该看到,这种低速增长是在许多国家实施量化宽松与负利率政策的背景下实现的。低增长、低利率、低通胀并存困扰着绝大多数国家。这种态势会引发诸多风险,比如政府干预经济的能力和空间缩小,经济干预所积累的债务、资产泡沫风险加大,民众对政府的信心下降等。由于许多国家的政府债务或财政压力已难以为继,同时贸易对经济增长的拉动作用在不断减弱,长期来看,实现经济增长的根本出路在于改革和创新。

斯蒂芬·罗奇(美国耶鲁大学教授):2016年的世界经济增长是缓慢的、艰难的、脆弱的。国际货币基金组织预计今年世界经济增长率为3.1%,低于1980—2016年间年均3.5%的增长率。这一增速表明,世界经济并没有走出衰退太多,增长依旧困难,这也给2017年带来更多问题。在世界经济增速放缓这个问题上,结构性因素一直在起作用,并且每个经济体的结构性因素各有不同。比如欧洲受困于财政、银行业问题等,甚至包括诸如接纳大量难民等严峻的政治问题。

李伟乔(世界银行中国局首席经济学家):对于造成全球经济放缓及其相关风险的确切原因,学界一直都存在争论,与此相关的一个大趋势是全球生产率增长的放缓。国际金融危机前,金融市场的投机活动和房地产泡沫,也许让我们对世界经济增长率所能达到的高度产生了不真实的认知。从历史角度看,2008年前,长达数十年的高速增长确实非同寻常,正是这样的高速增长把全球引入了国际金融危机的泥淖中。

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