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振兴实体经济 让企业家更有奔头(热点聚焦·【明年经济怎么干】③)

2016-12-23 17:31:16   

原标题:振兴实体经济 让企业家更有奔头(热点聚焦·【明年经济怎么干】③)

前不久闭幕的中央经济工作会议上,“着力振兴实体经济”成为2017年深化供给侧结构性改革的重点工作之一。分析人士指出,2016年以来我国在为企业减负松绑、鼓励实体经济发展方面出台了不少有力措施,但同时我们也要看到企业经营中存在的种种困难和短板,及时查找不足,扎实推进改革,积极鼓励企业家有更多作为。此次的中央经济工作会议对改善企业营商环境、保护企业家精神、振兴实体经济等问题都作出了明确部署,人们有理由给予2017年中国实体经济更多信心与期待。

直面营商环境问题

对于任何一位企业家而言,生产成本和产品销路无论何时都是其最为关心的两大变量。原因在于,二者之差直接决定了投资回报和企业的价值。

在娃哈哈集团董事长宗庆后看来,没有实体经济,没有制造业的强大,富民强国就难以实现,而振兴实体经济,关键要降低实体经济税费,降低企业成本,降低年轻人生活压力,同时控制虚拟经济发展。

中国企业联合会企业研究中心首席研究员缪荣在接受本报记者采访时指出,今年以来,国家在反腐败和制度建设方面下了不少功夫,这无疑对提振企业信心有很大帮助。但也要看到,当前中国实体经济营商环境依然存在一些问题。

“从宏观上看,房地产热和互联网金融快速发展让这两个领域回报率过高,实体产业与金融行业收入差距过大引发了资本‘脱实向虚’的倾向。相比之下,很多发达经济体不同行业利润的协调性就很强。从微观上看,实体经济企业的投资更多转化为实物资产,这种资产往往流动性低、回报周期长,因此企业家就会尤其在意当地整体营商环境。如果当地政策不连续甚至决策随意性过强,自然就会影响企业家干事创业的积极性。”缪荣分析。

除了回报率差距过大容易让实体经济企业家心寒之外,人力成本上涨较快也是企业十分关心的问题。专家指出,目前中国的“90后”主力劳动力人群供给不足,且年轻劳动力在普遍接受高等教育后,更愿意做白领而非蓝领。因此,今后中国还应该从教育层面入手,树立更合理的职业观,积极培育“工匠精神”。

减税降费保护产权

事实上,呵护实体经济企业,中国已经加快脚步。从新企业注册“立等可取”,到“营改增”为企业减负超5000亿元,再到适当降低企业“五险一金”缴费比例……今年以来,中国以供给侧结构性改革为主线,积极降低制度性交易成本,多措并举提升实体经济盈利能力。

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