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人民日报三问提前供暖:标准咋定 过不过时 费用谁掏

2016-11-05 07:18:31   人民日报

原标题:三问提前供暖(深阅读)

本报记者贺勇龚相娟

人民日报》(2016年11月05日04版)

11月4日,北京市政府表示,11月13日将有一次较强冷空气活动,北京有较大可能连续5天日平均气温低于5℃,决定将正式开始供热(供暖)时间提前至11月13日。3日,天津市供热办发出通知,经市政府批准,将于11月5日起提前供热。

进入11月以来,提前供热话题备受关注,公众也有不少疑问:提前供热需要满足哪些标准?这些标准是依据什么设定的、科学吗?提前供热成本高吗、谁来承担?记者对此进行了采访。

供热标准为啥这么定

依据气象学等方法制定,再根据城市常年日均气温测定

北京市城管委供热办负责人介绍,《北京市供热采暖管理办法》规定,采暖期为当年11月15日至次年3月15日,市政府可根据气象等实际情况调整时间。

天津市供热办公室供热处工程师李伟介绍,天津供热期与北京一致,根据《天津市供热用热条例》规定,如遇异常低温情况,市政府可以决定提前供热和延期停热。

从2010年开始,北京供热形成气象会商机制,综合气象等因素“看天供热”。根据《北京市临时调整采暖期时间程序规定》,当气象预测室外日平均气温连续5天低于5℃时,启动供暖;预测3月15日后室外日平均气温连续5天低于5℃时,延长供暖;除室外平均气温影响因素外,遇强降雪等可能对居民生活保暖产生重要影响的天气时,也可对居民用户提前启动供暖或延长供暖。

“根据北京常年日均气温测算,‘两个5’基本集中在每年11月15日到来年3月15日。”中国建筑科学研究院研究员李先瑞说,从近年采暖季来看,2012年至2013年的采暖季受强冷空气影响,提前7天供热。

北方各地供热时间并不相同。如黑龙江大兴安岭一般9月25日就开始供热,而京、津、冀、豫、鲁、陕等地供热时间通常在11月15日前后。

李伟说,实际操作中,天津每年供热会在11月15日之前开始,“供热设施大,系统复杂,需要打好提前量,设备有一个缓慢升温的过程,有的管网先热,有的后热。”

“两个5”标准过时吗

专家表示标准遵照科学规律,并不过时,相比其他方法,目前的方法更好

有人质疑:如今生活条件、气候条件与四五十年前比有很大变化,“日平均气温连续5天低于5℃”的标准是否过时?

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