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房价到顶了吗?万科副总裁长文解析房市走向

2016-10-03 08:51:28   重庆时报

其次,房价收入比和房价租金比是类似指标。租房是一种消费,家庭收入中可用于租房的比例是有合理上限的。预算约束会使得收入对租金构成有效限制。因此,房价租金比越高,一般房价收入比也就越高。这两个指标是重复的。

再次,从数据质量来看,房价收入比远不如房价租金比。房价的测量对象是房屋,而收入的测量对象是家庭。由于房屋的面积、质素有很大的差别,使得统计房价收入比较为困难。而房价租金比的测量对象,分子分母都是房屋,基本可以过滤掉房型的差异。因此,如果能够观察房价租金比,就没有必要去观察房价收入比。

二、如何在大周期和小周期框架下理解中国房地产市场

在大周期内,“居民部门利息保障倍数”和“新房名义市值对居民最大购买力占用比例”可以用作判断房价泡沫是否会破灭的量化指标组合。在代入中国目前数据后,我们认为,除非未来几年房价出现过于猛烈的上涨,导致大周期终点提前出现,否则中国房价出现整体性崩盘大跌的可能性较低。

在前面我们讲过两个观点:(1)城市化基本结束是周期切换的最大背后因素;(2)大周期阶段,房价的形成机制(估值逻辑)不同于小周期阶段。

根据第一点,从城市化的规律来看,75%左右是城市化基本完成的通常水平。中国目前的城镇化率是56%,距离这个水平,还有很远的距离。也就是说,中国房地产的发展,还在大周期内,即高速增长期之内。

但需要强调的是,不能说城镇化率不到75%,房价一定只涨不跌。因为根据第二点,在大周期阶段,房价估值逻辑可能脱离基本面,有泡沫化的可能,这可能使得大周期提前到达终点。大周期的提前结束是很可怕的,这意味着大周期可能将以日本模式结束,而不是美国模式结束。

根据第二点,购买房屋的收益分为两部分,一部分是租金,即使自住购房也是如此,因为这相当于把房子租给自己住,省掉的租金就是收入。一部分是房屋增值的收益,问题主要出在这部分。

在小周期时代,房屋增值的收益比较容易估计,因为房价能跑赢消费物价,但不会明显超出经济和收入增速。但在大周期时代,人们只能根据历史增速来预测未来增速。这样就很容易在大周期尾段犯错误,而最终出现某种因素,使得高估值无法维持,而导致了泡沫破灭和大周期的结束。

那么,目前大家最关心的是,如何提前判断中国大周期在什么时候结束?其结束方式是美国式的平缓收尾,还是日本式的泡沫破灭?

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