新闻
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170831/31244894_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/05 06:34:16

Powered by China
China

日本生育率过低,18岁至34岁年轻人三分之一童男童女

2017-08-31 16:24:22   瞭望智库

在传统社会,性主要通过家庭而获得,通过家庭而获得的性往往导致生育。但现在则不是,男女都可以通过不同形式的性市场获得性,而通过性市场而得到的性没有再生产(生育)功能。(尽管这种形式的性也会产生类似“私生子”的现象,但“私生子”这个群体的数量可以忽略不计。)今天,互联网的迅猛发展更是加快了性市场发达,使得性交易更加简单。

4,宗教和生育率的关系

从经验现象看,生育可能和马尔萨斯所说的“道德因素”有关。不过,这种关联并不是马尔萨斯所说的“抑制”生育,而是鼓励因素。在今天的世界,很容易观察得到道德因素,尤其是宗教因素和生育率高低至少在现象上的关联。在当代欧洲社会,尽管也经历了严重的生育率下降问题,但宗教的复苏仍然为人们的生育提供着动机,再加上福利社会等因素,生育率有所改善。

宗教和生育率的关系在穆斯林世界表现最为明显。在穆斯林社会,无论是发达社会还是比较落后的社会,生育率都没有受到太大的影响。实际上,随着社会经济发展水平的提高,生育率也在提高。再者,社会经济的发展也有效降低了穆斯林社会的婴儿死亡率,提高人们的人均寿命。因此,这些年来,在世界各文明中,穆斯林的人口增加迅速。

比较而言,东亚社会遇到的麻烦就很大。正如本文前面所讨论的,这个地区的各经济体都面临着生育危机。尽管东亚一些发达社会也希望仿照欧洲的福利社会,通过改善家庭的福利来“刺激”生育,但至少到现在为止,并没有找到任何有效的手段来改善生育。

一种解释是,通过诸如福利而得到的“刺激”机制,远不能抵消资本主义所产生的巨大压力。另一种解释是,低生育率是一种文化,一旦这种文化形成,转化成为人们的观念,那么无论怎样的政府政策都难以改变这种文化。

不过,如果回到马尔萨斯,那么人们可以认为,影响东亚社会低生育率的主要是道德因素。东亚社会并非欧洲或者穆斯林那样的宗教社会,而是世俗化社会。传统道德是通过社会共同体和家庭制度而形成。今天,随着家庭和社会共同体的解体,东亚社会已经没有任何能够促成人口增长的道德因素,包括宗教因素。

任何社会,人口是最基本的社会要素,所有其他的一切包括经济和政治,都是建立在人口这个基本要素之上的。资本主义的发展“俘虏”了社会和政治,使得社会和政治都从属于自己,因此社会的重心从人类本身的再生产,转移到了经济要素的再生产。

这就表明,只要资本主义仍然是东亚社会的组织原则和意识形态,那么东亚社会的生育危机很难得到缓解。今天人们的思考仅仅停留在表面,极其肤浅,例如如何用机器人来替代人工等。

如果不能超越资本主义,那么人口危机因此也是最深刻的社会危机,只是一个时间问题,而不是可能性问题。即使就时间来说,任何一位人口学家都可以精确地预测,每一个经济体的危机什么时候到来。

责任编辑:高宗影 CN060
上一页4/4下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170831/31244894_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/05 06:34:16

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170831/31244894_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/05 06:34:16

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170831/31244894_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/05 06:34:16

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170831/31244894_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/05 06:34:16

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170831/31244894_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/05 06:34:16

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170831/31244894_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/05 06:34:16

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170831/31244894_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/05 06:34:16

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170831/31244894_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/05 06:34:16

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170831/31244894_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/05 06:34:16

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170831/31244894_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/05 06:34:16

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170831/31244894_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/05 06:34:16

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170831/31244894_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/05 06:34:16

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170831/31244894_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/05 06:34:16

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/13000808/20170831/31244894_4.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/07/05 06:34:16

Powered by China
China