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54.南海诸岛属于中国早已成为国际社会的普遍认识。在许多国家出版的百科全书、年鉴和地图都将南沙群岛标属中国。例如,1960年美国威尔德麦克出版社出版的《威尔德麦克各国百科全书》;1966年日本极东书店出版的《新中国年鉴》;1957、1958和1961年在联邦德国出版的《世界大地图集》;1958年在民主德国出版的《地球与地理地图集》;1968年在民主德国出版的《哈克世界大地图集》;1954至1959年在苏联出版的《世界地图集》;1957年在苏联出版的《外国行政区域划分》附图;1959年在匈牙利出版的《世界地图集》;1974年在匈牙利出版的《插图本世界政治经济地图集》;1959年在捷克斯洛伐克出版的《袖珍世界地图集》;1977年在罗马尼亚出版的《世界地理图集》;1965年法国拉鲁斯出版社出版的《国际政治与经济地图集》;1969年法国拉鲁斯出版社出版的《拉鲁斯现代地图集》;1972年和1983年日本平凡社出版的《世界大百科事典》中所附地图和1985年出版的《世界大地图集》;以及1980年日本国土地理协会出版的《世界与各国》附图等。
二、中菲南海有关争议的由来
55.中菲南海有关争议的核心是菲律宾非法侵占中国南沙群岛部分岛礁而产生的领土问题。此外,随着国际海洋法制度的发展,中菲在南海部分海域还出现了海洋划界争议。
(一)菲律宾非法侵占行为制造了中菲南沙岛礁争议
56.菲律宾的领土范围是由包括1898年《美西和平条约》(《巴黎条约》)、1900年《美西关于菲律宾外围岛屿割让的条约》(《华盛顿条约》)、1930年《关于划定英属北婆罗洲与美属菲律宾之间的边界条约》在内的一系列国际条约确定的。
57.中国南海诸岛在菲律宾领土范围之外。
58.20世纪50年代,菲律宾曾企图染指中国南沙群岛。但在中国坚决反对下,菲律宾收手了。1956年5月,菲律宾人克洛马组织私人探险队到南沙群岛活动,擅自将中国南沙群岛部分岛礁称为“自由地”。随后,菲律宾副总统兼外长加西亚对克洛马的活动表示支持。对此,中国外交部发言人于5月29日发表声明,严正指出:南沙群岛“向来是中国领土的一部分。中华人民共和国对这些岛屿具有无可争辩的合法主权……绝不容许任何国家以任何借口和采取任何方式加以侵犯”。同时,中国台湾当局派军舰赴南沙群岛巡弋,恢复在南沙群岛太平岛上驻守。此后,菲律宾外交部表示,克洛马此举菲律宾政府事前并不知情,亦未加以同意。
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